276 



THE ENTOMOLOGIST S EECORD. 



taking a carriage. Sulmona is only some 1800ft. above the sea 



level, and is built in a plain cultivated almost to the last square yard. 



By crossing the stream by the high bridge just below the town and 



taking the cart track to the right down a long narrow lane, it 



is possible to arrive at the other side of the valley, where to the 



right are some rough meadows which contain nearly everything in 



the way of butterflies that is likely to be found. As I was anxious 



to see what might be found on the mountain-side 1 dragged myself 



far up over loose stones on a very steep hill-side, so rough and steep 



that one fell, even with nailed boots, with unpleasant frequency, 



and after the first 200 feet or so, by far the least steep part of the 



climb, there was really nothing to be had. It was, in a literal sense, 



the most heart-breaking day's hunting I have done for years and 



with the most miserable results, for practically everything I took 



I could have got equally well with next to no trouble beyond the walk 



across the valley. It was here that I took my first Pieris en/ane, but 



as I did not at the time realize the fact, it will be better to put off 



description of it till I arrive at Subiaco, where I really made its 



acquaintance. In crossing the valley the only species I observed were 



Pieris brassicae, P. rapae and Parcuye niei/aera, at the side of the road, 



Iphidides podaUritis, in great abundance in the gardens at both sides, 



but rarely coming within reach, and when taken always ragged, and 



Everes alcetas, which occasionally settled on a leaf of maize within 



reach of the net; but on reaching the rough, half-cultivated ground at 



the beginning of the ascent a good many species occurred, viz., Colias 



edusa, C. hyale, Gonepteryx deopatra, Papilio inackaon, Scolitantides 



baton, Puunicia phlaeas var. eletts, Kliigia spini, FJiivanessa antiopa, very 



fresh, Pyrameis atalanta, Melitaea didyma, Epinephele ida, Fh-ynnis 



lavaterae, i?. alcaeae and Melanaryia yalaiea ; all of these except E. 



lavaterae I met with before the steep ascent over rough loose stones 



began, but in no part was pursuit possible. In returning I followed 



the dry bed of the water-course right into the valley, obtaining at the 



lower part of it Thymelicns acteon and Adopoea lineola, and eventually 



finding myself in a small triangular meadow without hedges, where I 



found I^olyowviatits icartis and Aricia astrarche in abundance as well as 



Pieris napi, my one Sulmona specimen of P. eryane, a 5 , Leptosia 



sinapis, and most of the species I had seen further up, and I have no 



doubt I could easily have found more specimens of P. ergane if I had 



been quick enough to realize what I had got. I was however, by that 



time suffering from extreme thirst and fatigue, and knew that I must 



traverse the whole valley again before rest or refreshment could be 



found. Most of these species taken were in good condition, but P. 



napi was very worn, though evidently of the second brood, large and 



pronouncedly of the napaeae form. Arina astrardie was a small form 



with largish orange spots reaching almost to the costa of both wings 



on the upperside, in both sexes, but only forming a band on the 



hindwing of the ? , whereas on the underside the band was continuous 



except on the hindwing of the <? , where it was slightly broken, but 



was broader in the $ than the 3 • Gonepteryx deopatra was 



considerably smaller than those of the Eiviera, Iphidides podalirius on 



the other hand was somewhat large. Melitaea didyma was also rather 



large, the $ s rather pale and lightly spotted, the J s also slightly 



paler than is usual in Switzerland, but quite as strongly spotted as the 



