284 THE entomologist's record. 



evidence were Papilio viachaoti, Iphiclides podalirius, Paranje nm/aera, 

 Epinephele ida, and Melanargia r/aiatea, I also saw Pyrameis atalanta, 

 Envanessa antiopa, Pohpjonia egea, Polyoiinuatus nielecKjer, and others. 

 It was only on the following day that I had a good genuine butterfly- 

 hunt. I started in the direction of the monasteries, but loitered long 

 on the site and in the immediate neighbourhood of Nero's villa. Here 

 I took, or in a few cases saw beyond possibility of mistake, all the 

 species mentioned for the previous day except P. atalanta, and in 

 addition Erymiis alceae, Hesperia cirsii, H. serratidae, Auyiades 

 sylvanus, Adopaea fiava, Thymelicus acteon, PolyoniDiatits icanis, Aricia 

 astrarche, (Jelastrina aryiolus, Rumicia pldaeas, Pieris brassicae, P. ra})ae, 

 P. napi, Pontia daplidice, Calms ednsa, 0. hyale, Pyrameis cardidy 

 Argynnis adippe var. cleodoxa, Melitaea pavthenie, il7. didywa, Satyrtis 

 alq/one, Hipparchia semele, and Coennnyvipha jiaiiiphilnn. The one 

 specimen of H. cirsii that I took, was much smaller than those of 

 Roccaraso (if I have named the latter correctly), somewhat smaller also 

 than my series from Eclepens, but quite unmistakable. There was 

 also only one specimen of A. var. cleodoxa, the underside hindwing 

 being washed with a much richer yellow than is usual further 

 north, e.g., in the Val Maggia, where this variety is abundant. 

 P. macliaon appeared on the wing to be of bright colouring and 

 in good condition, but when taken was not remarkable either 

 in the one point or the other ; it was of average size, whilst Z. 

 podalirius was rather small, and turned out to be in somewhat better 

 condition than it looked when flying. P. icarus was magnificent both 

 in colour and size, it was of the " royal " blue I described last year in 

 the Assisi late- brood specimens, some only of the specimens having 

 black marginal spots on the upperside hindwing. After lingering too 

 long in this prolific spot, I mounted up past S. Scholastica, but instead 

 of turning sharply to the right, over the little bridge be3'ond the 

 monastery which leads to S. Benedetto, I continued direct up a wild- 

 looking gorge which seemed to give promise of a successful chase. 

 Here at the outset I encountered G. cleopatra, of a somewhat larger 

 size than the Sulmona specimen, but still considerably smaller than 

 those from the Eiviera, and almost immediately afterwards took my first 

 Pieris ergane in this locality, and at last suddenly realised what I had 

 got and immediately set to Avork to look out for more. I took 8 in all, 

 6 c? s and 2 $ s, in addition to the 3 $ s previously taken unrecognized 

 at Sulmona and Roccaraso. They are much smaller than average P. 

 rapae (and at Subiaco the latter species is especially large, I took a 

 pair on the same ground for comparison), and the characteristic 

 underside, entirely without markings, ought to have opened my eyes at 

 once ; the ? s are all, with one exception, of a pale canary colour on 

 the upperside, the one exception is the largest specimen I took and 

 inclines rather to straw-colour, perhaps in consequence of having lost 

 its first freshness, but the underside stamps it at once. All the other 

 specimens taken were very fresh. This species and P. rapae when 

 flying on the same ground take no notice whatever of each other, and 

 it would be impossible to mistake them for one another on the wing so 

 difterent is their flight, but it is easy to mistake Leptosia sinapis, which 

 Is common in this gorge, for P. ergane, and indeed I took at least half- 

 a-dozen specimens of the former under the impression that they were 

 the species I was looking for. Here also I found a couple of Limenitis 



