1906 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 23 



use. The experience there has been that the best time to apply the wash 

 is as late in winter or early spring as possible, just so the work is completed 

 before the buds actually open, the advantage of this being that the coating 

 adheres through a large part of the summer, and renders it difficult for the 

 young to obtain a foot-hold. One thorough, annual treatment has been 

 found sufficient, two or more being necessary only when trees have been neg- 

 lected, or the scale not discovered until badly encrusted. By making the 

 treatment late the growers also secure much fungicidal effect, so much so that 

 many will hereafter use a late treatment for the scale, and also for its effect 

 on fungi, thus taking the place of the usual late winter treatment with the 

 Bordeaux Mixture. Indeed, from the present outlook it seems not unlikely 

 that in many apple and pear orchards the scheme of spraying will eventually 

 be as follows : — • 



1st. Just before buds burst with Lime-sulphur-salt. 



2nd. Just after blooms fall with Bordeaux and Paris green. 



3rd. Ten days later with Bordeaux and Paris green. 



The southern method of jarring for the Curculio also deserves notice. Two 

 men are engaged in the work of jarring a tree, each being provided with a 

 semi-circular frame or screen large enough so that the two will include all 

 the space directly beneath the branches. The two men walk rapidly along 

 the rows, one on each side, and, bringing the screens together under each tree, 

 a few quick, hard blows are given with a padded club. After some ten to 

 thirty trees have been jarred in this way the screens are lowered to the ground 

 and the jarring carefully searched for adult Curculios, which are crushed ^n 

 the fingers. The method is quite rapid, two men having been observed to 

 jar and kill the insects from 24 trees in 6 minutes. In the large commercial 

 orchards this method is almost universal, and they find that the beetles appear 

 first along the edges of the orchard, indicating that they hibernate in woods 

 or fields, but I have never yet taken one of t^e insects in hibernating quar- 

 ters. The growers make an effort to have each tree jarred at least twice a 

 week, but still they prefer to give more attention to the outside rows, Hence 

 the trees bordering woods may sometimes be treated four or five times in the 

 week while those in the interior may be jarred only once or twice. 



Among insects not of economic importance this region is notable for a 

 strong infusion of southern forms. Several times we sent insects to the Na- 

 tional Museum at Washington representing species which they reported be- 

 long typically to the Florida fauna. The Orange-dog butterfly, Papilio thoas 

 which has of recent years been taken even in Southern Ontario, is common 

 in eastern North Carolina near the coast, though many years of careful 

 collecting has failed to reveal it at Raleigh, about 120 miles inland. Here 

 the handsome skipper, Eudamus proteus, is also found, and less than a 

 month ago this species was taken at Haleigh for the first time. The swallow- 

 tail Papilio palamedes is also abundant through the summer near the coast. 

 Ajnong the Pierids, I think that Pieris movnsfe occurs, though this opinion 

 is based only on a brief glimpse of a specimen taken to be this species on 

 one of the low, sandy islands along the coast. The dragon-flies, Lihellula 

 and Calopteryx sp., are also found here. * 



The Middle Region. 



This region lies about equally in the lower austral and upper austral 

 zones. The typical soil is a red clay, but this varies to yellowish clay 

 mingled with much sand and gravel in the east. The crops are corn, to- 

 bacco in the north, wheat in the middle, and cotton in the southern areas. 



