24 THE REPORT OF THE No. 19 



As the upper austral zone includes the southern tier of counties in Dntario, 

 many of the insects of this region are well known in this province. The 

 Chinch Bug is rarely reported in North Carolina from either the eastern 

 or the western sections, but it is a standard pest in the middle section. 

 Spraying with kerosene emulsion at a strength of 10 to 15 per cent, oil has 

 been practised in a few instances but only with more or less injury to the 

 crops, and our recommendation was to rely principally upon the well-known 

 plowing methods, and our farmers were surprised to see how effectual even 

 a single, deep, furrow was. 



The Hessian Fly is another pest which is practically confined to this 

 region, probably mainly because very little wheat is grown in the other sec- 

 tions. At any rate it is here a very destructive insect in the best wheat 

 section of the state. Late planting is the preventative usually employed, 

 and careful inquiry brought out the fact that from October 15th to Novem- 

 ber 1st is the safest time to sow to avoid fly and at the same time escape the 

 injurious effects of winter freezing. Wheat is frequently sown as late as 

 the last week in November, and I have been told of seeding in Xmas. week. 



Fig. y. Euptoieta Claudia. Fig. 10. Junonia csenia. 



There are but few insects which I could name as distinctive of this re- 

 gion. One of the most characteristic butterflies is Euptoieta claudia (Fig. 

 9), the larvae of which are everywhere common on the May-pop or Passion- 

 flower. Another is the Buckeye, Junonia coenia (Fig. 10). Both of these 

 butterflies are almost too southern in range to be expected in Ontario, though 

 I suspect, without having inquired, that they are occasional in the southern 

 counties. 



[They have been taken, though rarely, in the Counties bordering on 

 Lake Erie. — Ed.] 



The Western Region. 



This region is characterized by high plateaus and mountain ranges. It 

 lies in the Transition and the Boreal life-zones. The Transition includes 

 all of Old Ontario between the northern and southern tiers of counties, and 

 the Boreal includes practically all of New Ontario and the great region about 

 James Bay. Of course the more northern animals and plants of these re- 

 gions are not represented in North Carolina, but one would be surprised at 

 the similarity of" the mountain plateau region and the country right here 

 at Guelph. Cattle-grazing is one of the chief agricultural occupations, 

 while hay, potatoes, oats, and apples are also standard crops. This is the, 

 only region where currants, raspberries, and rhubarb can really be said to' 

 be a success. Here, too, one finds many of the typical Ontario insects and 

 insect pests. The currant bushes are regularly attacked by the currant 

 worm, and the apple trees by the Oyster-shell scale, which is only known 

 to me in this state in the mountain and west-central parts of the state. In 



