1905 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 25 



the steep mountain orcliards the dust-spray is being experimented with. As 

 one apple-grower in this region has something over 30,000 trees now coming 

 into bearing, the cheapest, efficient means of spraying the trees becomes 

 an important question. The Scurfy Scale is more abundant here than else- 

 where in the state. 



Among the insects not of economic importance a specialist in lepidoptera 

 could, doubtless, name many species well known to our most active collec- 

 tors. Among the butterflies may be mentioned such forms as Argynnis 

 aphrodite, A. diana, A. cyhele, Brenthis myrina, Grapta f annus, G. comma, 

 and G. j-alhum. I had threatened to capture Basilarchia arthemis, and 

 Vanessa milberti, and even cherished a fond hope of finding a stranded colony 

 of Chionohas on one of the high mountains, but further exploitation of this 

 interesting region must now be left to others. But it is extremely inter- 

 esting, as showing how mixed are the faunas in these southern mountains, to 

 point out that in the extreme southwest corner of the state Papilio thoas 

 CFig. 11), and the Gulf Fritillary, Agraulis vanilla;, both appear to be 

 somewhat common. 



General Observations. 



A more interesting territory for the entomologist can scarcely be found 

 than North Carolina. Most of the collectors of insects are in the north, and 

 when these collectors have gone south at all they have gone through to 

 Florida, Georgia, Louisiana or Texas. Consequently there is a great strip 

 of middle ground which has never been at all adequately explored. Even 

 in economic entomology nothing definite has been attempted previous to the 

 opening of this new century. The entomologist in this state is, therefore, 

 met by persons of every conceivable attitude toward his work, some incredu- 

 lous, some interested, some contemptuous, and some indifferent. The farm- 

 ing classes, as a whole, however, have in recent years been brought to see 

 the importance of this work. The wide spread of the San Jose Scale, the 

 threatening danger of the cotton Boll-weevil, and the almost total destruction 

 of fruit crops by the Codling Moth and Curculio in the eastern section, have 

 brought them to a realization of its true meaning. 



For the five years that the writer was located in North Carolina, he, his 

 assistants, and a Mr. Brimley, at Ealeigh, were the only active collectors 

 known to be residing in the state. Within the last few months another 

 collectof, a native of Connecticut, was discovered. Now there are two 

 or three school teachers who are doing a little work along this line, though 

 in a very primitive way. Altogether, the state is, as yet, practically un- 

 explored, entomologically. 



While spraying is gradually coming into vogue, tlie pumps are, as a 

 rule, cheaper and more inefficient than those in use in the north. In order 

 to get the practice started at all it has been necessary to begin at first in the 

 simplest manner possible. But the poverty of the farming classes in past 

 years, and the unreliability of the labor, would in any case have rendered 

 the more expensive machines impossible. In the largest peach and plum 

 section, where the San Jose Scale is generally distributed, barrel pumps 

 with two leads of hose, each with a single nozzle, are principally used. Large 

 tanks and heavy machinery could not be used here on account of the very 

 sandy nature of the soil, through which the wheels readily sink so that heavy 

 loads are impossible. 



The generally prosperous years of recent times, and the development of 

 enormous fruit and trucking industries throughout the south to supply the 

 large and expanding northern markets, is giving cause for more demand for 



