1905 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 135 



In the Niagara district there are now areas thoroughly infested which 

 the inspectors three years ago reported "clean." The number of dead and 

 dying orchard trees is becoming larger every year, and many fruit-growers 

 have had to go out of business because they would not spray. 



In another article in this Report I give an account of some experiments 

 which Mr. P. W. Hodgetts and myself conducted to determine the efficiency 

 of the newer scale remedies. 



The Codling Worm (Carpocapsa pomonella) was perhaps not so des- 

 tructive this year as usual to apples. The Fruit Marks' Act is in many 

 instances compelling apple-growers to spray their trees, for XXX or No. 1 

 fruit must be practically free from worm and scab. 



The Rose Chafer (Macrodactylus suhspinosus) (Fig. 30) appeared in 

 large numbers in one or two peach orchards along the lake shore in the 

 Niagara district. This insect is a brownish, long-legged beetle, and breeds 

 in sandy, undrained meadow land. The eggs are laid in the ground and the 

 grubs feed on the roots of grasses. By autumn they reach full growth; in 

 spring they pupate and the adults emerge in June or July. Sometimes these 

 beetles fly in hordes to adjacent vineyards and peach orchards, where they 

 devour the foliage and eat holes in the young peaches. Under such conditions 

 little can be done for arseni'cals do not seem to have much effect in diminish- 

 ing their numbers. Usually they disappear as suddenly as they came. The 

 only remedy to prevent future recurrences of these beetles is to break up and 

 cultivate the meadow land, their breeding places. 



'The Apple Maggot {Trypeta pomonella) is a serious enemy of apples in 

 the eastern part of the Province and Quebec, Its work is readily recognized, 

 as the maggot tunnels the pulp of the apple in all directions, thus rendering 

 it worthless. The adults of these maggots are two-winged flies. They make 

 their appearance in early summer and deposit their eggs through the skin 

 of the apple. The maggots on reaching maturity crawl out of the apple, 

 and transform to pupae in the ground, where they remain all winter. 



Spraying as a treatment for this insect is of little or no value. The 

 fallen apples and those infested with maggots should be fed to hogs ; in fact, 

 where these maggots are present every year, the hogs should have free run 

 of the orchard. 



Grape-Berry Moth (Polychrosis viteana, Clemens), (Fig. 34). While 

 engaged in carrying on spraying experiments in vineyards in the Niagara 

 district this season, we found many cases of grapes which were infested with 

 a small dark caterpillar. This caterpillar was quite abundant in some vine- 

 yards and was evidently doing much harm. We were not able to work out 

 the life-history of this insect on account of the limited time at our disposal, 

 but we glean the following information from Bulletin 231, "The Grape- 

 Berry Moth," by Prof. Slingerland of the Cornell Agricultural Experiment 

 Station, November, 1904. 



The winter is passed in the pupa state in the cocoon, which is most com- 

 monly observed on damp and decaying leaves near the ground under the 

 vines. About the first of June the moths escape and deposit their eggs, 

 probablj^ on the stems of the blossom clusters. The early» caterpillars begin 

 feeding before the grape blossoms are fully opened, and they often destroy 

 the bud blossoms. Throughout the blooming period the caterpillars continue 

 to work and destroy many of the young developing fruits. This first, or 

 spring, brood of caterpillars feed on the outside of the blossoms and berries, 

 and are thus readily treated with poisons. By July the first most of the 

 caterpillars have reached full size and soon make their peculiar cocoons out 

 of leaves fastened together by silk threads, and lined on the inside with white 



