136 THE REPORT OF THE No. 19 



silk. Within three or four days, the caterpillar, after forming its cocoon, 

 transforms into a pupa, and a couple of weeks later the moth begins to 

 emerge. Eggs are again laid for a second brood, and this summer brood 

 of caterpillars works during the latter half of July and August. The eggs 

 of the summer brood are laid on the skin of the green berries or on the stems. 

 The most injury is done by this second brood of caterpillars, since in Ontario 

 vineyards the number of the second brood is very large. Many of this sum- 

 mer brood become full grown in August and form their characteristic cocoons 

 and develop moths by the first of September. Some, however, hibernate as 

 pupae, so that there is only a partial third brood in the autumn. Some of 

 the caterpillars of the third brood are full grown before October the first, 

 and transform to pupae wathin the berries, but most of them make their 

 characteristic cocoons on the leaves like the earlier broods. 



Prof. Slingerland recommends the following treatments for the Grape- 

 Berry Moth : 



(1) The destruction of fallen leaves. As has been stated, the cocoons 

 winter over on the leaves near or on the surface of the ground. It is evident 

 that the gathering and burning of fallen leaves will destroy the great major- 

 ity of the cocoons. He also advocates early cultivation, especially the land 

 along the trellis under the vines, in which case many of the hibernating 

 pupse will be buried and destroyed. 



(2) The bagging of clusters of grapes, by putting paper bags around the 

 clusters soon after they have set. This is practicable only to a limited 

 extent, but many grape-growers find that it pays to bag many of their choice 

 grape clusters. 



(3) The picking of infested berries in August. It is a comparatively 

 easy matter to detect grapes infested with the Grape-Berry Moth caterpillar, 

 and when such berries are picked and destroyed, much injury can be averted 

 and the surrounding grapes can be saved. 



(4) The application of arsenical poison sprays. Experiments were con- 

 ducted in the Chatauqua district during the last two or three seasons, and 

 successful results have been secured from the application of arsenical 

 poisons, and Prof. Slingerland strongly advocates their use in infested vine- 

 yards, but states that the poison spray is effective only against the spring 

 brood of caterpillars working in the blossoms, and recently set clusters. He 

 advises two applications at the rate of four pounds of arsenate of lead in 50 

 pounds of water or Bordeaux Mixture. The first application shoiild be made 

 before the blossoms open and the second just after the blossoms fall. Now 

 that many of our grape-growers are using Bordeaux for the control of the 

 Black Eot and the Mildews, it is an easy matter to add the arsenical poisons 

 to this mixture, so that the Grape-Berry Moth can be controlled at the same 

 time as the fungus diseases. 



Shade Trees. 



The Spiny Elm Caterpillar, the larva of the Mourning Cloak butterfly 

 (Euvanessa antiopa) was more numerous than usual this summer on elms. 

 This caterpillar is not often sufficiently numerous to attract attention, or to 

 destroy foliage. The different stages of this insect are interesting. The 

 winter is passed as a butterfly, and almost any bright day it may be seen 

 flitting about as if it enjoyed the sunshine. Its wings are of a dark, rich 

 purplish-brown color with yellowish borders, dotted with brown. Its eggs 

 are beautifully sculptured, and are laid in compact clusters about a twig. 

 The caterpillars are salt-and-pepper colored with a row of red spots along 



