REPORT OF No. 19 



times over. Tlie present year, witli a short crop in many sections, shows 

 that the benefits to those that have sprayed will be enormous, and these are 

 just the years when the work is most effective. The crop is small, it requires 

 less expenditure for handling and shipping, and more than that, the sample 

 is finer. When orchards are properly sprayed one inspection is sufficient 

 to, at any rate, gain the sympathy of any fruit grower with spraying. He 

 will spray every year after that. As to the advantage of spraying an orchard 

 regularly, the benefits are very marked. At Ottawa, the horticulturist at 

 the Experimental Farm now knows that he cannot afford not to spray. He 

 has learned iiow to spray effectively, and the advantages are shown by the 

 fact that for the past eight or ten years the codling-moth is almost unknown 

 in these orchards, and I can get no specimens there. How far do you think 

 I have to go to get specimens of the codling-moth? Just beyond a sixty-foot 

 row of trees. I canot find any codling-moths in our own orchards on the 

 Farm, but need only go to these trees outside to get all I want. That shows 

 the local benefit to the man who sprays, and it shows that although the cod- 

 ling-moth flies, it does not fly to such long distances as to impair the benefit 

 to the man who sprays ; while he who does not spray must pay the price 

 that his loss entails. 



In addition to the benefits from the remedies already referred to, it 

 is most advisable to exercise the greatest care in examining and cleaning out 

 any barrels or cases used for packing fruit which are brought in from out- 

 side sources and which may have contained infected fruit, as these may con- 

 tain cocoons of the codling-moth. He had now at Ottawa cocoons of this in- 

 sect with larvae still unchanged which were spun in July, 1905. A very 

 few moths emerged in August, 1905, many in June, 1906, and some would 

 not emerge till the spring of 1907. This, he thought, was a new fact in the 

 life-history of the insect. 



Mr. G. E. Fisher: In regard to treating any troublesome insect, I 

 always find it worth while to look for a remedy. With the farmers there 

 seems to be a difficulty about spraying. As a rule, fruit-growers do not like 

 to spray, and a great many do not spray, and the reason is because they have 

 never done it. Now, I am a little surprised that in all this discussion regard- 

 ing the codling-worm no reference has been made to the hog remedy. In a 

 large orcnard that I am familiar with, there are 2,000 apple trees in bearing, 

 and there are any amount of moths. As a rule, an apple tree can well spare 

 some of its fruit. The trees are better without it. Those apples that are 

 attacked will fall to the ground, then we want about fifty hogs in an orchard 

 of ten or twenty acres to follow up these apples and pick and eat them, and 

 so destroy the worms. Dr. Fletcher has already explained the second brood 

 that does the damage in this country. The first is a benefit by reducing 

 the superabundance of fruit. If we can follow up those apples that fall, 

 we have a remedy that is very easy to apply, will work out very satisfactorily 

 indeed. A great many people seem to think that apples are of no advantage 

 to hogs. I knew a man a few years ago, and he had a lot of apples and hogs. 

 I told him to turn his hogs into his orchard, and he stated that he thought 

 they would get too thin if he let them run, but finally he put them in, 

 and the first thing he knew his hogs were too heavy to sell. They were be- 

 yond the limit. He has said ever since that there is an advantage in apples 

 in connection with hog-feeding. I have found the hog remedy a very use- 

 ful one, and perhaps you would scarcely think it, .a hog has a very acute 

 hearing, and if the ground is at all hard (we cultivate in the early part of 

 the season), I have seen a hog's ears stand up when an apple fell and he 

 would listen a moment and then go and find that apple, perhaps a hundred 



