10 REPORT OF No. 19 



should include tlie entire period of bloom. But the Government would not 

 allow that, and the Act read "during the period of full bloom." It has 

 been my experience that you cannot get after the codling-moth any too 

 early, and it is desirable to spray before the blooming is entirely completed. 

 We think this is correct. 



Dr. Fletcher : I do not personally ; have you seen the moth or eggs 

 before the blossoms have fallen? 



Mr. Fisher : Yes, I think so. 



Dr. Fletcher : At Ottawa the moth does not appear for 8 or 10 days 

 after the blossoms have disappeared. In Nova Scotia I have found fresh 

 eggs on apples as large as marbles. 



Mr. Fisher : We find better results from spraying before the bloom 

 is entirely completed. 



Dr. Fletcher: But you have not found the' moth or eggs? 



Mr. Fisher : I think so. 



Dr. Fletcher : That is an important point. 



Mr. Fisher : I have hot been doing any packing of fruit, but those 

 who do pack fruit say that our pears have no codling-moth this year, while 

 apples are badly affected. Pears have escaped the attack. Is this the gen- 

 eral experience? 



Mr. Jarvis : At Guelph we made examinations and found plenty of 

 the codling moths in the pear, but did not notice whether it was less abun- 

 dant than usual. 



Mr. Fisher : Our pears are usually pretty wormy, and it is very dis- 

 appointing to have to throw out a nice large pear for the sake of a small 

 hole. In previous years we have lost quite a large qi'antity, 



Mr. Jarvis asked what varieties of pears are most abundant this year? 

 Is the Flemish Beauty free from worms? 



Mr. Fisher replied that there is a good pear crop this year, and that 

 he believed the Flemish Beauty to be free. It might be of interest to mention 

 that some Clapp's Favorite pears were shipped from Burlington to Glasgow 

 this year successfully; they went through safely and sold at a high price. 



Dr. Brodie : I should like to say that very few people have ever seen 

 the eggs of the codling-moth. I have been fortunate enough to see them. 

 The process is this, the egg was laid at the lower part of the apple ; it is 

 very small, of course. In about an hour after hatching the larva had moved 

 to the upper part of the apple and commenced making holes. I think it has 

 been mentioned that the larvae eat the skin of the apple. This is a mistake ; 

 larvae bite a hole in the skin, but do not eat the portions bitten out; they 

 are laid aside and very little is swallowed. In about a day they are buried 

 in the fruit and they immediately turn around (my own experience) and 

 close up the opening with silk. Six species of parasites have been described 

 in North America. These parasites thrust their ovipositors into the larvae 

 through the opening made by the worm. We all know that there is about 

 two or three days' difference in the emergence of the larvae from the egg. 

 A large number, say 10 or 20 per cent, perhaps, will come out in the begin- 

 ning and another proportion at the end of the week. If you wished to follow 

 it up, you would have to be spraying continually. The larvae do not emerge 

 all on the same day, perhaps not in the same week. Larvae that have come 

 out of the same brood will be apt to emerge at different times. 



Dr. Fletcher : The time of egg-laying and hatching is a very impor- 

 tant point. The old accounts state very positively that the egg was laid 

 in the calyx of the apple, and that in spraying you had to get your Paris 

 Green into that cup. Later observations by Professor Washburn, in Oregon, 



