12 REPORT OF No. 19 



and more people buy them every year. Mr. Tweddle would have made it 

 pay if he had bandaged his trees. The most important question was whether 

 he could get the actual labor necessary. It certainly will pay if you de- 

 stroy the carerpillars, for they destroy the fruit. 



Mr. Jarvis : Was the orchard sprayed the previous year? 



Mr. Caesar : It was sprayed during the past three or four years. There 

 are twenty-five acres in the orchard. It was little pruned and had been 

 overrun with the canker worm. |3,000 was made out of the orchard, so he 

 thought it paid to spray. As to pears, he saw very few of his pears affected 

 by the codling-moth. 



Dr. Fletcher : The question of the exemption of pears this year is 

 very interesting, and I can only suggest that it has something to do with 

 the season. The effect of the seasons on insects is sometimes very much more 

 apparent than on plants. 



Mr. Jarvis : What was Mr. Tweddle's experience in bandaging? Why 

 has he given it up? Did he use burlap? 



Mr. Caesar : The real reason was the difficulty in getting labor. Mr. 

 Tweddle spoke to me and said he would like to bandage a number of his 

 trees. We prepared a quantity of bandages of simply coarse sack material, 

 with the intention of putting them on his trees ; but we could not get men 

 enough to go around the orchards, and the owner believed that he had been 

 so successful in spraying in previous years that he could do without the 

 bandaging. 



Mr. Jarvis : If there were 300 worms under one bandage in two weeks' 

 time, it should pay to bandage. I found here at the College that bandaging 

 was of very great benefit. 



Dr. Fletcher : We have come to the conclusion that spraying is a 

 good practice because we get clean orchards. But where there is a second 

 brood, that must be supplemented by bandaging the trees. Mr. Fisher's 

 experience that pigs and sheep, particularly pigs, destroy the infested apples 

 and thus do a great deal of good in orchards is important. The 

 time to spray will vary in different localities, and it will also vary 

 with the different varieties of apples, as different varieties flower at 

 different times. Mr. Fisher's experience is that it should be done as soon 

 after the time of full bloom as possible. I find no advantage in that, and 

 there is certainly a great disadvantage in spraying during bloom to those 

 who keep bees, for direct experiments have shown that bees have been pois- 

 oned by sucking nectar from the flowers or drinking liquid from trees that 

 were sprayed. Therefore, I for one think that the Ontario law is very well 

 framed as it is, and that it should be made a misdemeanor to spray trees 

 while in blossom ; because bees are now an important part of the agriculture 

 of Canada and particularly they are very useful to the fruit-growers in ef- 

 fecting the fertilization of blossoms. The time when to spray is after the 

 blossoms have fallen, and then it must be done well. Cover the whole tree 

 with spray and use a proper nozzle ; the nozzle is as important as the material 

 and the pump. To get a very fine spray it is desirable to find out the very 

 best implement. We have in Canada an excellent pump, the Spramotor, 

 with the movable discs, invented by Mr. Fisher, which is the best form of 

 spray nozzle I have ever used. It enables one to use a very small quantity 

 of liquid, for what is required in spraying is to have the liquid so fine that 

 it falls on the trees as a mist or as a fine spray, and as soon as the spray 

 begins to drip it is time to remove nozzle to another part in order to save 

 material and injury to the trees. Arsenate of lead is highly recommended 

 and its advantaores are that it is in a finer state of division than Paris Green, 



