84 REPORT OF No. 19 



spraying of the trees with the Poisoned Bordeaux mixture in the same way 

 that apple trees are sprayed for the Codling Moth and fungous diseases. 



The San Jose Scale, There has recently been a renewal of interest in 

 the subject of the San Jose Scale, which has been a little more noticed than 

 ior a year or two in districts lying beyond the main centres of infestation. 

 As a matter of fact there is very little news to be given concerning the oc- 

 •currence of this most injurious insect in Canada. It is satisfactory, how- 

 ever, that more attention should be paid to it by fruit growers. The standard 

 lime and sulphur wash is quite effective, and if used, as has been advised, 

 year after year, will keep trees clean enough to bear good crops, and if per- 

 sisted in as a regular annual treatment, not only this insect but many others 

 .as well as fungous diseases of various sorts will be gradually exterminated 

 or prevented from injuring the crop to a marked extent. 



The Apple Maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella, Walsh. In 1896 the Apple 

 Maggot, also known as the Railroad Worm from the brown marks made 

 through the flesh of the infested apples by the maggots, was first noticed as 

 an injurious insect in Canada. This was in Lennox County. Since that 

 time very little injury has been noticed in the orchards where it was first 

 observed, but during the past summer there are reports of rather widespread 

 infestation throughout the adjoining County of Prince Edward. The in- 

 jury is serious, as it renders the fruit unfit for the market without showing 

 any very apparent marks on the outside. The injury is caused by slender 

 white maggots about i of an inch in length, which burrow in all directions 

 through the flesh of the apple, feeding upon the pulp and leaving discol- 

 oured galleries. The white maggots are extremely difficult to see, but there 

 may be several within a single fruit. The eggs are inserted beneath the 

 «kin of the apple by the females which are strikingly beautiful little black 

 and white flies with banded bodies and golden eyes. These are about half 

 the size of the ordinary housefly, and although they do not fly far are very 

 active in their movements. There is only one brood in the year, but the 

 flies emerge very irregularly and may appear at any time from midsummer 

 until autumn. The young maggots become full grown in about six weeks, 

 when they leave the apples and enter the soil for a short distance, where they 

 turn to yellowish white smooth puparia. Apples which are infested for the 

 most part fall to the ground, and the maggots remain in the fallen apples 

 for a short time after they have fallen. Maggots from late laid eggs are 

 often inside the fruit when it is picked. Consequently apples, which are 

 apparently quite good at the time of packing, may in- a short time become 

 perfectly useless. All varieties of apples are liable to attack, but some 

 much more so than others. As a general statement, early and sweet apples 

 are most infested. It is possible that this serious enemy of the fruit grower 

 may before long be one of the enemies which will require to be reckoned 

 with every season. For many years it has been the cause of much loss in 

 Vermont, Maine, and in parts of New York State. There have also recently 

 been some rather serious outbreaks in Canada, in the provinces of Quebec 

 and New Brunswick. It is satisfactory to know that the injury, even in the 

 worst infested localities, fluctuates very considerably in intensity. The only 

 practical remedy so far known is to destroy all infested fruit as soon as that 

 fact is discernible. Windfalls should be gathered up carefully, and at 

 short intervals during the summer, and should at once be fed to stock or des- 

 troyed in some other way. What is thought to be the most economical and 

 effective way of doing this is to allow growing pigs to run in the orchard 

 from July, when early apples which are particularly liable to attack begin 

 to fall, and the animals should be keDt in the orchard until all fruit is 

 gathered. Sheep will eat apples if there is not too much grass on the 



