1907 



ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



53 



is easy to understanH why the scale so quickly destroys infested trees. It is 

 usually found that if no steps are taken to check the pest, it will kill young 

 thrifty frees in three years. 



Almost any kind of fruit trees and bush fruits are liable to be attacked 

 by the scale. Many shade and forest trees are also attacked. 



Remedies. 



(1) There is one great standard remedy that has given good satisfaction 

 whenever carefully made and thorougWy applied, namely, the lime-sulphur 

 wash. This should be put on in the spring, or in badly infested orchards it 

 will pay to give the frees a double dose, one in autumn as soon as the leaves 

 fall and the other in the spring before the buds have burst. 



(2) Kerosene emulsion, whale oil soap, and a number of other ready- 

 made oil washes, like Scalesclde, give fairly good results. They have not, 

 however, been found to be so reliable as the lime-sulphur wash, and in addi- 

 tion are much more expensive. 



Before any tree is sprayed it should be carefully pruned and the branches 

 thus removed should be burned. 



-i*5'^- 



Fig. 10. San Jose Scale (Aspidiotus perniciosus). (a) Four young scales and two male 

 scales, showing the nipple and ring even in the very young forms; (&) four immature 

 female scales, and two nearly grown male scales, showing the prominent nipple and 

 circular groove about the nipple, of the black scales ; (c) two small female gray 

 scales, showing the central nipple and circular groove. One scale has a nipple not 

 central. The body of insect is beneath the scale. 



Parasites. 



9 



(1) Two small Chalcid flies, Aphelinus mytilaspidis (Le Baron), and 

 Aphelinus fuscipennis, (How.) 



(2) Two ladybird beetles, Pentilia misella, (Lee), fig. 15, and Chilo' 

 corns bivulnerus, (Muls.) 



(3) In some districts a fungus ,Sphcerostilba coccophila.. It is difficult 

 to say whether the latter is at work in Ontario. 



