1907 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 63 



It passes tlie winter in a nearly full grown stage. The males begin 

 to appear, it is said, in May. In late spring or early in summer the female 

 lays from 30 to 40 eggs. These hatch in July. There is only one brood 

 in a season. 



The scale has been reported from Ottawa, Toronto, Belleville, St. Cath- 

 arines, and Kingsville. 



It has been found on plum, elm, and willow in Ontario, but is said to at- 

 tack also cherry, apple, red currant, maple, oak, ash, and beech. 

 ReTuedies : 



The same remedies should be used for this scale as for San Jose. 



Parasites : 



The only parasite we have heard of as attacking it is a minute Chalcid 

 fly, Coccophagus varicornis, (How.) 



Osborn's Scale (Aspidiotus Oshorni). 



Osborn's scale is found on forest trees in northern and western On- 

 tario. 



The mature female is about the same size as the Curtis scale, averaging 

 about 2 mm. in diameter. It is very smooth and circular, and the exuviae 

 is eccentric. The general color is brown, varying somewhat with the color 

 of the bark of the host ; under the loose bark of the paper birch the color is 

 gray. 



It has been found on paper birch, yellow birch, cottonwood, and white 

 oak. 



It passes the winter in a nearly full grown stage. 



Para,sites : 



The work of Chalcis flies have been found on several occasions. 



The New York Plum Scale, Eulecanium cerasifex (Fitch.) Fig. 24. 



The New York Plum Scale has become one of our most common scales 

 and like the Oyster-shell scale has spread over practically the whole prov- 

 ince. Though not so destructive as the Oyster-shell, it is often quite in- 

 jurious where abundant and sometimes kills the infested tree. 



The scale is one of our largest species. The mature female is nearly 

 hemispherical, but usually a little longer than broad, being 3-5 mm. and 

 2.5-4 mm. wide. It varies in color from light brown to almost black. The 

 surface is usually glossy with, however, numerous little depressions and ele- 

 vations which sometimes take the form of grooves and ridges radiating from 

 the apex to the base. 



The male scale is very unlike the female in shape, size and color. It 

 is elongated in form, 2-2.5 mm. long, and 1 mm. wide, only slightly convex, 

 and is grayish white in color. Both male and female scales are found 

 near each other on the same branch. 



The winter is passed by both sexes in the half-grown stage. The winged 

 males appear June 1st (this year, 1907, it was June 12th), and soon after 

 this the females lay their eggs and die, but their dead body still remains 

 as a cover for the e^g mass. About the end of June (this year on July 19th), 

 the eggs begin to hatch out. There are sometimes about 1,000 eggs laid by 

 a single scale. The young scales move from the branches to the leaves 

 where they remain until autumn and then migrate back to the branches for 

 the winter. There is only one generation in a year. 



We have found this scale on a great range of trees and other plants at 

 Guelph, the following being the list as observed up to date of writing: — 

 apple, plum, pear, mountain ash, hawthorn, currants, gooseberry, wild red 



