1907 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. fi5 



Parasites : 



(1) A fungus disease (Cordyceps olavulata), attacks and destroys many 

 of tlie scales. 



(2) At least 3 chalcid flies, Pachyneiiron altiscuta (How.) Eunotiis 

 lividus (Ashm.), and Coccophagus cognatus (How.) 



(3) Several species of lady-bird beetles. 



(4) A large flesh-colored species of larva was found feeding on the eggs 

 but we were not able to rear the adults. 



The Terrapin Scale, Eulecanium nigrofasciatum (Perg.) 



This scale was first discovered in Ontario in 1901 at St. Catharines. Up 

 to the present time it has been reported to us only from St. Catharines, 

 Walkerville, and Windsor. In each case the infested twigs forwarded were 

 taken from maple trees and these were literally covered with the scale. It 

 is clear from such specimens that a badly infested tree would soon die, and 

 so the scale is one to be guarded against. Mr. Sanders of the Bureau of 

 Entomology, Washington, in his circular No. 88, says that the scale must 

 be considered a "dangerous pest." 



The easiest time to recognize this scale is in the winter stage. At this 

 season it is considerably smaller than the New York Plum scale, Eulecaniuvi 

 cerasifex, which, even when mature, it never equals in size. It has the same 

 general shape as this well known scale, being nearly hemispherical. It is 

 about 2 mm. in length and slightly less in width. Along the top running 

 longitudinally is a reddish streak or stripe about 1 mm. long and .3 mm. 

 wide. The rest of the surface is usually mottled red and black, the red 

 forming the ground, so to speak, and black stripes radiating from the 

 reddish top to the base. Sometimes the black forms a belt around the scale 

 extending from the red boss or crown nearly to the base, which has also 

 often a red margin in such cases. Not uncommonly a scale looks almost 

 entirely red or on the contrary almost entirely black. When mature there 

 is still the same general color and shape but there is an increase in size, 

 the scple now being 3-3.5 mm. long and somewhat less than this broad. 

 Later in the season the color fades. 



A peculiarity, at least, of the winter stage of the scale is that when 

 punctured or crushed, a reddish liquid exudes from the wounds. 



The eggs are laid in the spring and hatch about the end of June. In 

 August the tiny winged males emerge and consequently the half-grown 

 females are fertilized the same season. 



Although only maple trees have been reported to us as being attacked 

 up to the present time in Ontario, yet we find that in the United States the 

 scale infests not only these but also the peach, plum, apple, pear, quince, 

 hawthorn, and several other trees. Hence it is clear that friiit-growers 

 should be on their guard against it. 



Remedies : 



The lime-sulphur wash has proved a failure in the case of this scale 

 and the most satisfactory remedy so far discovered is to spray the trees care- 

 fully when the leaves are off with kerosene emulsion of about 25 per cent, 

 strength. Care should be taken to prevent the emulsion running down the 

 trunk and getting to the roots which it would probably injure. Late autumn 

 or early spring before the buds begin to burst would be the proper ime to 

 spray. While this is practically the only spray recommended against this 

 scale insect, some very able entomologists doubt whether even it is anything 

 like so successful as its advocates claim. Seeing that there is so much doubt 

 about the effectiveness of washes and that the scale is capable of doin.of grea 



^ KN. 



