66 THE REPORT OF THE No. 19 



damage, the proper course to take is to be on one's guard against allowing 

 it to get a footing and, if a tree should be found to be infested, cut it down 

 and burn it at once, thus taking no risks. 

 Parasites ; 



This scale like almost all the rest has its insect foes, a tiny chalcid fly 

 of the genus Coccophagus has been found to attack it. A fungus parasite 

 known as Cordyceps clavulata is not uncommon on this scale. 



Eulecanium caryoc, (Fitch). 



Eulecanium caryce, is said to be the largest known species of Euleca- 

 nium. It has been in Ontario for at least ten years, having been discovered 

 by Dr. Fletcher in the Niagara district in 1898. Judging from the fact that 

 it has been found in that district and that we have discovered it at Guelph 

 on several trees in the forest, it probably occurs at least all over the south- 

 western part of Ontario. From our own experience and that of others we 

 believe that the scale is very seldom abundant on any tree; in every case 

 where, we discovered mature scales there were only two or three at 

 most, and often only one specimen to be found on a branch (always on the 

 under side). Consequently the scale is seldom sufficiently injurious to cause 

 any alarm. 



It is easily identified by its large size, being more than twice as large 

 as the New York Plum scale (Eulecanium cerasifex). Like this scale Eule- 

 canium caryae is more or less hemispherical in shape. It is 7-10 mm. long, 

 6-9 mm. broad, and 3-4 mm. high. The surface is glossy, light brown to 

 black in color, and covered with a fine powder. On all the specimens a keel- 

 like structure ran longitudinally from end to end through the centre. The 

 rest of the surface was more or less rugose. In some cases we could see 

 fine (including the keel-like structure), nearly parallel longitudinal ridges; 

 in others these ridges, except the keel, were not perceptible. 



We have not yet traced out the life history of the scale, but from ob- 

 servations made believe that it is probably very similar to that of the New 

 York Plum scale ; that is, it passes the winter in the nearly mature stage, 

 the males emerge in late spring; the eggs, which are very numerous and 

 white in color, hatch out in July; the young migrate to the leaves and re- 

 migrate to the branches in the autumn. 



This scale has been found at Guelph on the hawthorn and American 

 elm, and at St. Catharines on the peach. 

 Remedies : 



Seldom any need be applied, but the same remedies as are used for the 

 New York Plum scale should destroy this one. 

 Parasites : 



There is a very little doubt that the failure of this scale, laying as it 

 does a very large number of eggs, to increase rapidly is to a great extent due 

 to the attacks of parasites. Dr. L. 0. Howard informs us that a chalcid, 

 Chiloneurus albicornis, (How.) attacks it. (Bull, vii, N, S. Div. Ent. V . 

 S. Dept. Agr. 1897, p. 63). This is one of probably a considerable number 

 of parasites. 



Kermes pubescens (Bogue). 



Kermes pubescens is a large scale resembling the New York plum 

 scale and other Eulecanium scales, but differing in external appearances 

 chiefly in being more nearly spherical. It has been found by us at Guelph, 

 Toronto, and Perth, hence is probably wide spread over the province. Only 

 oak trees are attacked, as it was found in abundance on each infested tree 

 it must do considerable injury. Mr. Bogue, who discovered and named the 

 scale, reports it as attacking the young twigs and leaves, but we have always 



5a EN 



