1907 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 67 



found it in the cracks of tiie bark on the trunk and branches and have not 

 yet observed it on very young twigs or on leaves. 



The mature female scale is nearly spherical as a rule in shape, though 

 often it seems to be modified in form by its position in the cracks or fissures 

 of the bark. It is 3-4 mm. long, 3 mm. high, varies in color from light to 

 dark brown, often mottled with black, is shiny in appearance and covered 

 with a short white pubescence. 



The male scale resembles very much the male of the New York Plum 

 scale. It is, however, whiter, being snow-white. In shape it is oblong, 

 2 mm. in length, 1 mm. in width and fairly convex. 



The winter is passed by both sexes in the nearly mature stage. The 

 males emerge about the first of June or a little earlier. This year '07 the 

 season was late and they were observed coming forth June 12th. Though 

 the females are fertilized shortly after this we have not yet had opportu- 

 nity to discover the date when the eggs hatch. 



Remedies : 



(1) Kerosene emulsion 25 per cent, put on when the trees are dormant 

 should kill the scale. The tree must be soaked, however, to ensure the spray 

 getting into the crevices of the bark where the scales are. 



Parasites : 



A considerable number of the scales observed had been perforated, evi- 

 dently the work of a small chalcid fly. 



The Cottony Maple Scale, Pulvinaria vitis (L.). 



The Cottony Maple Scale is by no means a stranger in Ontario. It is 

 found all over the western part of the province at least, and probably over 

 much of the remaining parts also. As the name indicates, it attacks the maple 

 chiefly, and in cities often does much damage to maple shade trees. It is, 

 however, rarely abundant for many seasons in succession, because of the 

 attacks of parasites. 



The scale is most easily identified in spring or early summer. At this 

 time of the year it appears as a brown, elliptical, convex insect, with so large 

 a cottony-like egg-mass protruding from behind and beneath that the scale 

 seems to be standing on its head, or nearly so. The &g^ mass and scale to- 

 gether are about 1 cm. long, the scale itself being about 1-3 of this length. 

 The cottony egg-mass has given the scale its name and makes its identifica- 

 tion easy. 



The young lice hatch about the middle of June usually, the hatching 

 period extending over a couple of weeks. The tiny insects at once migrate 

 to the underside of the leaf, though some also establish themselves on the 

 upper surface. On the leaves they usually arrange themselves alongside the 

 midrib and veins. About the end of August the winged males emerge and 

 fertilize the females. A few weeks later the females desert the leaves and go 

 back to the branches, where they pass the winter. In tlie spring of the year 

 they rapidly swell, and in early summer form the cottony mass and lay their 

 eggs in it. Hence there is but one generation in a year. 



Although the maple trees are the ones most commonly attacked, the scale 

 is found on many other trees as well. It has been found at Guelph on the 

 following maples : Acer saccharum, A. saccharinum, A. nigrum, A. rubrum, 

 and A. negundo ; also on basswood, American elm, hawthorn, white poplar 

 (Populus alba), scrub willow, red-osier, dogwood, ilex (verticillata). Spiraea 

 (salicifolia) and grape vines. 



