1907 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 71 



Remedies.— The same remedies should be used as for the Oyster-shell 



scale. 



Parasites.— The parasites are largely the same as those that attack the 

 Oyster-shell. The most common are (1) the mite, Tyroglyphus malus 

 (vSchimer); (2) a small chalcid, Ablerus clisiocampoi, Ashm; (3) the twice- 

 stabbed lady beetle, Chilocorus bivulnerus, Muls. 



The Eose Scale, Aulacaspis rosce, (Bouche). 



Here and there all over the province we find the Hose Scale attacking rose 

 bushes, and blackberry and raspberry canes. The plants attacked are nearly 

 always in damp, shady places, such as overcrowded gardens, and it is seldom 

 that we find the scale out in open, airy plots. 



The mature female scale is nearly circular in shape, moderately convex, 

 2-2.6 mm. in diameter, almost snow-white, except for a brownish yellow spot, 

 the exuviae, situated towards one side and extending nearly to the centre. 



The male scale is also white, but is very different in shape and size. It 

 is elongate, about 1 mm. in length, 3 mm. in width, and has three parallel 

 ridges running longitudinally along the upper surface. 



The scale may pass the winter in almost any stage, from the egg to the 

 mature insect. Breeding goes on almost continuously from the warm days 

 of spring to the severe frosts of late autumn. 



Remedies. — From the tendency of this scale to occur almost solely on 

 damp, much shaded plants, the most rational method of treating it is to prune 

 out the bushes so as to let plenty of air and sunlight get access to them. In 

 this pruning, of course care should be taken to cut out the worst infested 

 parts. In special cases, it may be necessary to resort to lime-sulphur, kerosene 

 emulsion, or whale-oil soap, to be applied when the plants are dormant. In- 

 vigorating the plant by fertilizers is also helpful. 



The Pine-leaf Scale, Chionaspis pinifolim, (Fitch). 



The Pine-leaf scale is very common in many parts of Ontario, and is 

 probably found all over the province. It has not, however, so far as we 

 know, caused any perceptible injury to the trees, although reports from New 

 York state go to show that wherever it is very abundant on a tree it does 

 much damage. 



The scale is easily identified from its shape, size, color, and the fact that 

 it is only found on coniferous trees. The female scale resembles to a large 

 degree the Oyster-shell scale in size and shape, but unlike it is seldom curved 

 and is almost entirely snow-white, expept for the exuviae, which are dull 

 colored. The scales are not always of the same shape, some being longer and 

 narrower in proportion to their length than others. This, in many cases, 

 seems to be due to the shape and size of the needles they are situated on. The 

 average length is 2.5-3.5 mm. and the average width .75-1.3 mm. The scale 

 is more convex than the Scurfy Scale and is a little thicker in texture, though 

 not nearly so thick and firm as the Oyster-shell scale. 



The male scale very closely resembles the male Scurfy scale, and like it 

 is less than one-third the size of the female scale. It is elongate, about 1 

 mm. long, 3 mm. wide, snow-white in color and has three parallel ribs or 

 ridges running longitudinally along the upper surface. 



The winter is passed in the egg stage. From 20-70 purplish eggs are 

 to be found beneath a single scale cover. The eggs usually begin to hatch 

 about the end of May, but this season were about three weeks later. There 

 are said to be two broods each year, the females of the last brood laying their 

 eggs late in the autumn. 



The scale, as mentioned above, confines its attack solely to conifers. We 

 have found it at Guelph on the following pines: White, Bull, Austrian, 



