18 THE REPORT OF THE No. 19 



Spy apples very badly affected. While in Prince Edward county he had 

 met one man who had succeeded in almost completely destroying the insects 

 by careful attention to fallen fruit. Hogs had been of great service in 

 accomplishing this result. 



Mr. Jarvis : While there is no doubt that the Apple Maggot attacks 

 winter apples, yet my experience has been that it prefers Yellow Harvests 

 to any other variety. I also find it in fall apples. 



Malformations of Fruit Due to Insects. 



Mr. Jarvis : We should, I believe, now discuss another question that 

 has interested us a good deal this year, viz : the cause of malformations of 

 apples and pears. I hope anyone who has had any experience and has 

 studied them will speak out and help in the discussion. 



Mr. Caesar : Here is an apple that was sent in by Mr. Sweny, son of 

 Colonel Sweny, of Toronto, from British Columbia, to find out what was 

 wrong with it. You will notice that there are several strangely elevated 

 areas on its surface suggestive of the boils that rise on a person's body, if 

 I may be allowed to use the comparison. There are also several rather deep 

 depressions. The sender said that whole orchards last year and this year 

 were affected in this way. He said that this year his neighbors had care- 

 fully drenched their trees with Bordeaux in the hope of getting free of the 

 trouble. He had used lime-sulphur on his orchard. The result had been 

 that his orchard, with the exception of some of his Duchess trees was very 

 little affected, while his neighbors have had poor results from their spraying. 

 I have very little idea as to what has produced this malformation that you 

 see. Mr. Sweny says : "On Spys, Duchess, Wealthy and Ben Davis, the 

 injury appears chiefly as a hollow, usually turning brown, with a dry brown 

 spot running to the core. On peaches the appearance is the same, but the 

 flesh is not affected." The specimen I have shown you is, he thinks, 

 another form of the same trouble. If he is right in his belief that lime- 

 sulphur has saved many of his apples this year it would, I think, stand to 

 reason that the insect (for there is not much doubt that it is an insect) 

 hibernates in some form on the tree and so is destroyed by contact with the 

 wash. Bordeaux of course would not be expected to give good results against 

 an insect. 



There have been a number of pears and a few apples sent' to us this 

 year from Brooksdale and Bowmanville, Ontario. These were badly dis- 

 torted by depressions and elevations. It looks very much as though the 

 trouble is due to the punctures of some insect. When over in the State of 

 New York this autumn I found similarly misshapen apples and asked the 

 entomologist at Geneva what he thought was the cause. He said he had 

 always attributed it to the Plum Curculio. A few days afterwards I showed 

 the same fruit to Prof. Slingerland, who thought that it was not the Cur- 

 culio but some species of Hemipterous Leaf Bug that had caused the injury. 



Dr. Fletcher also thought the injury was due to some Hemipterous 

 insect, possibly a Jassid (Leaf Hopper). I hope some one here has had 

 some experience that will throw further light on this important matter. 



No one present had devoted sufficient time to the subject to feel able to 

 give any further suggestions. It was pretty unanimously agreed, however, 

 that the injury was due to some species of insect. 



After this specimens of the undoubted work of the Plum Curculio on 

 apples were shown. 



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