1908 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 21 



My observations this year and last year lead me to believe tbat there are 

 two periods in the year when they are specially destructive : First, in May, 

 continuing on for some time into June; second, in August, continuing on 

 through September. I might say that in no case hitherto have I been able 

 to find either eggs or larvse under a gum mass on a healthy tree ; so that it 

 would seem perfectly possible in many instances to save healthy trees even 

 after they are attacked. If there were eggs or larvae under the gum masses 

 this would be impossible. 



The treatment recommended last autumn in a circular letter to the press 

 of the district was, to cut down and hum before the warm days of the spring 

 all dead and dying trees, and also any trees so badly weakened that there 

 was small hope of their recovery. In addition, dead or badly attacked 

 branches were to be pruned off and burned. This was to be followed by the 

 thorough spraying of all the remaining trees with lime-sulphur in the 

 spring. This was done in several orchards and no further trouble was found, 

 or in those orchards where spring applications of an oil wash had been made. 

 This is not sufl&cient, however, to prove that lime-sulphur or an oil wash, 

 such as Carlson's Mixture, was the real cause of the absence of the beetles, 

 though it looks as though such was the case. For the August attacks it 

 seems probable that lime-sulphur or a lime and soap wash with a little car- 

 bolic acid in it would be very useful as a means of warding off the beetles. 

 Prof. LocHHEAD : I remember that some years ago when dealing with 

 the San Jose scale this Shot-hole Borer was very abundant in some districts 

 where the scale had already killed the trees. I have always believed that 

 the Borer attacked trees that were a little off-color or something wrong with 

 their roots, and so not completely healthy. I do not see exactly why the 

 borers should limit themselves to diseased trees; still it seems to be their 

 natural habit to go to such trees. 



Mr. Jarvis : I know of three peach trees in sod in the Grimsby district 

 which are badly attacked by this beetle; close by there are other trees where 

 the soil is cultivated, which show no evidence of this pest. 



Dr. Felt : I have watched these insects for some years and know that 

 generally speaking they do attack weakened or diseased trees. I believe, 

 however, that they do, as mentioned this afternoon, sometimes attack per- 

 fectly healthy trees. The real source of the trouble in such cases is not 

 necessarily due to their breeding in the immediate neighborhood. Dr. Hop- 

 kins has recorded flights of the beetles evidently coming from a considerable 

 distance and I believe that they fly in more or less large swarms. My impres- 

 sion is that the beetles that have attacked the healthy trees referred to have 

 probably come in swarms of greater of less extent. I think the only prac- 

 tical solution of the difficulty is to get the fruit-growers interested and 

 remove all the dead material. Then let them, as suggested, put on their 

 lime-sulphur. If it does not ward off the beetles it will at least pay for 

 itself by warding off fungus diseases. 



In answer to the question whether he agreed with the statement that 

 there were apparentlv two main times in the season that attacks were to be 

 feared. Dr. Fel.t said he believed the statement was correct so far as he 

 knew. 



Aphid s. 



Mr. Jarvis : The cabbage Aphids have been increasing year after year 

 now for several years. "We get a great many letters asking for remedies. 

 We find it very difficult to get any really satisfactory remedy that seems 

 practicable. 



