1908 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 27 



insect. It lias been very destructive in recent years in many cities, and 

 villages of New York, particularly at Buffalo. Furthermore, judging from 

 accounts which have come to our attention, certain Canadian cities have not 

 been altogether free from the ravages of this beautiful caterpillar. The 

 wingless female is probably well known to most who are at all interested in 

 preserving our shade trees, while the characteristic white egg masses need 

 no description at the present time. The control of this insect is easily 

 affected, either by collecting egg masses or thorough spraying with an 

 arsenical poison at the time the young caterpillars begin operations. The 

 selection of onp method to the exclusion of the other must be governed 

 largely by local conditions. 



The Elm-Leof Beetle (Galo-ucella luteola. Mull.) is another species which 

 has been very injurious to elms for over a decade in the Hudson valley. It 

 has recently become quite destructive at Ithaca, N.Y., and will presumably 

 inflict considerable injury upon elms in other cities in the western portion 

 of the State. Saratoga Springs and ith vicinity seems to be the northern- 

 most limit in New York State where serious injury is likely to occur. It 

 displays a marked preference for the English and Scotch elms and, under 

 certain conditions, may become injurious to the American elm. The larvae 

 feed exclusively on the lower surface, leaving the tough upper epidermis 

 unbroken. The leaves are skeletonized, only the mid and lateral ribs, sup- 

 ported by a thin, brown membrane, remaining. This habit of the larva 

 makes it imperative to apply the arsenical poison to the under surface of 

 the leaves. 



The Snow-white Linde^;! Moth iEnn.omos suhsignarius, Hubn.) attracted 

 a great amount of attention, because the delicate, snow-white moths appeared 

 in myriads about the electric lights of New York City, various other local- 

 ities in the Hudson valley north to Saratoga and along the Mohawk valley 

 westward to Utica. Eeports of similar flights also came from northern 

 New Jersey, from Springfield, Mass., and Ottawa, Canada. This species has 

 not, in recent years at least, attracted notice on account of injuries to shade 

 trees, and even during the past summer there was no marked damage by the 

 caterpillars of this insect to street trees. There were, however, serious out- 

 breaks bv this species in both the Adirondacks and the Catskills, the injuries 

 in the latter locality having been preceded" by extensive defoliation the pre- 

 ceding year. The light 'brown, barrel-jshaped eggs of this insect iare 

 deposited in clusters upon the bark, and a senrch for thpin should give some 

 idea as to the probability of the injuries being repeated anotner season. 



The Sugar-Maple Borer (PlapionoUis speciosus. Say) is rarely seen, 

 though its operations upon sugar maples are very evident in many localities 

 throughout New York State. The initial injury is usually marked by an 

 oblique elevation on the trunk or near the base of the lower branches. This 

 overlies the gallery of the grub and is caused by the abundant formation of 

 new tissues along the line of injury and the consequent pushing up of the 

 old bark. The latter, in case of a bad injury, eventually cracks, exposes 

 the wood, and after a series of years, owing to the deficient circulation, both 

 above and below the oblique part of the wound, the bark dies back till we 

 bave a large bare space, usually accompanied by the death of the limbs on 

 that side of the tree. The exposed tissues decay and eventually wind and 

 storm brincr about the destruction of magnificent trees. This insect may 

 be regarded as one of the most serious enemies of maples in New York State, 

 though its work is conducted in a very unobtrusive manner. 



The Gipsy Moth (Porthetria dispar, Linn.) should be mentioned in this 

 connection, though it has not yet been found in New York State. It has 



