54 THE REPORT OF THE No. 19 



One Bbood for the Pine Scale (Chionc^spis pinifoliae) in Ontario. 



This scale passes the winter in the egg stage. The eggs hatch in the 

 early part of June and the female reaches maturity about the middle of 

 August when she lays her eggs which do not hatch until the following year. 



SOME ENEMIES OF ONTARIO COCCIDAE. 

 By J. "W. Eastham, Ontario Agric'vltural College, Gitelph. 



Leaving out our wild birds, upon which I have nothing to say, the 

 enemies of Scale insects or Coccidae may be divided into three classes, 

 namely : — 



1. Predaceous insects; 



2. Hymenopterous parasites; 



3. Fungus Diseases. 



Amongst predaceous insects the members of the family Coccinellidae 

 or Ladybird beetles are by far the most numerous and most important. Of 

 these insects one of the most beneficial is Hyperaspis sigiiatus — a small black 

 beetle with a small red spot on each elytron. The larvae of the species of 

 Hyperaspis do an immense amount of good by destroying large numbers of 

 the egg sacs of the Cottony Maple-scale (PuJvinaria innuTnerahilis) . The 

 larvae are large, white and mealy, and much resemble certain species of 

 Dactylopus, for which they might easily be mistaken by a casual observer. 

 The larvae pass from one ovi-sac to another, devouring the eggs as they pass 

 along, but leaving the ovi-sac apparently little the worse externally. Dur- 

 ing the summer fully 80 per cent, of the ovi-sacs of Pulvinaria in the 

 vicinity of Guelph were destroyed by the Hyperaspis larvae. 



Another very common and important species is the Twice-stabbed 

 Lady-bird (ChUororvs hivvhiervs). Fig. 7, the adults and larvae of which 

 are to be found feeding on no fewer than seven species of scales in this 

 neighbourhood. Its special favourites, however, are the Oyster-shell Bark- 

 louse and Curtis Scales, on both of which it is usually quite common. It 

 is interesting to note that the larvae of this insect are preyed upon to a con- 

 siderable extent by Lace-wing fly larvae (Chrysopa). Figs. 8 and 9. 

 Another species which preys more especially upon Eulecanium cerasifcT is 

 the 13-spotted Lady-bird (Hippodamia 1'^- punctata) , Fig. 10. These lar- 

 vae are very thorough in their work as they devour everything but the body 

 walls of the scale. 



Another common predaceous insect is a small mite MoniezieUa, sp. 

 which is generally found feeding on the Oyster-shell Bark-louse and Curtis 

 scale, especially the former; it is also found feeding on the eggs of E. cera- 

 sifex but not to any great extent. 



Another predaceous insect occasionally to be found is a Lepidopterous 

 larva which eats its way through the cottony masses of Pulvinaria innumer- 

 ahilis, and in this way one caterpillar can destroy many scales. Although 

 several attempts were made I was unable to rear the adult; but in all 

 probability it is the larva of LaetiUa coccidivora, Comst., an insect whose 

 larvae prey on Pulvinaris to a considerable extent in some parts of the 

 United States. 



Turning next to the Hymenopterous parasites, we find that in this dis* 

 trict they belong entirely to two sub-families of the Chalcididae or Chalcis 

 Flies — the Aphelininae and Encyrtinae. These two families are readily 



