1908 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 125 



to grow mostly pistillate varieties, and only enough of staminate plants to 

 pollinate the pistillate plants, 



(2) Chittenden says that covering the bed is nearly a perfect preventive. 

 This covering may be of muslin, and should be in position at least a week 

 before the first blossoming occurs, and left in position until the first berries 

 are picked. 



(3) Another remedy is to grow profuse blooming varieties. 



(4) Trap crops of very early blooming varieties such as the "Chas. 

 Downing" may be planted. Upon these the weevils collect, and many can 

 be killed by the application of arsenical sprays, 



. (5) Clean culture may be of considerable value in controlling the weevils 

 — the removal of volunteer plants, and the burning over in early spring of 

 underbrush and weeds. 



(6) Certain substances, such as dilute crude carbolic acid (1 part in 

 100 of water), and Bordeaux, seem to act as repellents, and their applica- 

 tion would appear to be of value. 



WHAT ENTOMOLOGY THE FARMER AND FRUIT-GROWER 



SHOULD KNOW. 



By William Lochhead, Macdonald College, Que. 



This title was suggested to me after reading an address on this topic 

 by Dr. S. A. Forbes, State Entomologist of Illinois. I must also confess 

 to the appropriation of many of the ideas in Dr. Forbes' address, for they 

 represent the matured thought of a distinguished Entomologist of long 

 experience, and one who has done much valuable work along economic 

 lines. The ideas, however, are not new; they have been expressed, per- 

 haps partially, time and again at the meetings of this Society, at Farmers' 

 Institute meetings, and at Fruit Growers' Conventions, They require how- 

 ever to be expressed often, and in all kinds of meetings, to effect a lodgment 

 with the people and to be incorporated into the practical work of the orchard 

 and farm. That, then, is my reason for dealing with this subject at this 

 time. 



1, The farmer and fruit grower should know the princitpal injurious 

 insects that affect the crops of the farm, orchard and garden. 



As intelligent business men they should be able to identify those 

 agencies that make for losses, and to acquaint themselves with the best up- 

 to-date methods of controlling these agencies. The habit of the insects 

 should be studied, in order that the methods of control may be as effective 

 as possible. Haphazard experimenters are out of place just as much in 

 successful farming as in successful manufacturing. For example, he 

 should know when the Codling Moth of the apple makes its appearance to 

 lay eggs, when the young worms attack the apple, in order that he may 

 apply his poison sprays at the best time to kill them. He should know the 

 life-habits of the white grubs which live two years in the ground as grubs, 

 become pupse and beetles in the fall of the second year; the beetles not 

 emerging until the following May or June to mate and lay eggs. When 

 infested grass land is broken and the adult beetles are prevented from laying 

 their eggs in that field, he must not expect an entire absence of white grubs, 

 for the young white grubs will continue to feed until their food supply 's 

 exhausted, "He will not turn pigs into his grass lands late in fall, to clear 



