250 ABSTRACTS 



Vaccination Experiments Against Ayithrax. A. Eichhorn. Jour. Am. 



Vet. M3d. Assoc, 1916, 1^8, 669-686. 



The writer reviews the development of measures for protecting ani- 

 mals from anthrax by such means as Pasteur's vaccination, spore vac- 

 cines, and injection of a serum as prepared by Sobernheim. The 

 latter showed that the injection of an immune animal with increasing 

 amounts of virulent virus would produce a serum possessing great pro- 

 tective value against anthrax. The author draws the following 

 conclusions from his work with spore vaccines and serum: 



1. Horses are suitable for the production of highly potent anthrax 

 serum. Serum of such horses should protect large animals in 10 cc. 

 doses. 



2. The use of the serum treatment alone is indicated in cases where 

 the infection has already occurred in a herd. Since the serum confers 

 only a passive immunity it is advisable to revaccinate the herd in 

 from three to five weeks by the simultaneous method. 



3. The serum possesses great curative value. Depending on the 

 severity of the infection, the curative dose is from 30 to 100 cc; the 

 injection may be repeated if necessary. 



4. For the simultaneous treatment, a spore vaccine carefully stand- 

 ardized, is preferable to the ordinary Pasteur vaccine. 



5. Spore vaccine should be employed in preference to the Pasteur 

 vaccines for immunization with vaccine alone. The possibility of more 

 accurate dosing of the spore vaccine and the better keeping qualities 

 of the same, give this product a decided advantage over the other. 



6. Experiments with concentrated serum and dry spore vaccine are 

 very promising. This method would greatly simplify the vaccination 

 process and also insure the product against subsequent contamination 

 and deterioration. — A. R. W. 



BACTERIOLOGY OF WATER AND SEWAGE 



The Fundamental Principles of the Activated Sludge Process of Sewage 

 Treatment. T. Chalklet Haltox. Indiana San. and W. S, Assn., 

 1916, Eng. Contrg. 45, 235-236. 

 The activated sludge process depends on the presence of biological 



life in the sludge under aerobic conditions. — L. P. 



Sanitary Features of Los Angeles Aqueduct. B. A. Heinley. Mun. J., 



1916, 40, 35-37. 



The water is brought 233 miles from Owens River to Los Angeles. 

 The density of the population in the Watershed is 1.4 per square mile. 

 In addition to the time in the aqueduct, reservoirs increase the normal 

 storage period of 65 days under present conditions to 468 days. B. 

 coli noted were traced to ducks. The mineral content ranged from 

 15 to 22 grains per gallon. Algae growths occasionally cause odors 

 and taste, despite covered reservoirs on distribution system. — L. P. 



