ABSTRACTS 251 



The Activated Sludge Process of Sewage Treatment. G. J. Fowler. 



Can. Eng. 1916, 80, 227-228. 



The author sketches the historical development of the process, and 

 dwells on the "M7" process of adding bacterial cultures in the pres- 

 ence of iron in solution. Activated Sludge has 3 general effects (1) a 

 clotting or clarifying action (2) a rapid oxidation of carbon and (3) 

 nitrification. Much research is still required. — L. P. 



Hartford (Conn.) Waterworks Notes. C. M. Saville. Report Bd. 



Water Commrs., 1915, Mun. J., 1916, 40, 333-334. 



On account of the proximity of highways to reservoirs the water is 

 sterilized before delivery. The raw water shows bacterial counts as 

 high as 39,000 per cubic centimeter with B. coli found from 9 to 23 

 times in 10 cc. or less, every month. Treatment with 0.95 part per 

 million available CI has removed B. coli and 99.8 per cent of total bac- 

 teria. With CaOCl2, 1 part per million available CI was used or 25 

 pounds of bleach per milhon gallons. Liquid CI used, 0.65 p.p.m. or 

 5.4 pounds per million gallons. — L. P. 



Vitality of the Cholera Vibrio in the Water of New York Bay. A.J. 



Gelarie. Medical Record, 1916, 89, 236. 



The question whether the cholera vibrio dies or survives in native bay 

 water is of importance in view of the fact that the waters about the 

 Quarantine Station in New York may at any time be open to infection. 

 Accordingly, a series of experiments was carried out to determine the 

 viability of the cholera vibrio in native bay water. 



Preliminary work demonstrated that the subjection of cholera vibrios 

 to the osmotic pressure of bay water had no apparent effect. 



Other organisms present in bay water were found to have an in- 

 hibitory influence upon the growth of the cholera vibrios. Vibrios not 

 previously enriched with peptone were eliminated after 48 hours, those 

 receiving preliminary enrichment after 7 to 47 days, the period vary- 

 ing according to the strain of cholera employed, the character of the 

 water, and the quantity of bacteria added. Cholera vibrios added to 

 sterihzed bay water were found alive in some cases at the end of 285 

 days. 



The demonstration of live vibrios in native bay water after a period 

 of 7 to 47 days proves conclusively that every precaution should be 

 taken to prevent pollution of bay waters. — M. W. C. 



IMMUNOLOGY 



Tuberculin Therapy. Henry L. Shively. New York Med. Jour., 



1916, 103, 51. 



General discussion of tuberculin therapy with report of three cases. — 

 M. W. C. 



