358 ABSTRACTS 



son in 1898, and studied under the name, fowl typhoid, by Curtice in 

 1902. 

 His observations led Taylor to the following conclusions: 



1. Fowl typhoid is a specific disease of fowls caused by Bacterium 

 sanguinarium occurring sporadically and causing heavy losses among 

 affected flocks; which unless properly investigated may easily be mistaken 

 for fowl cholera because of its high mortality. 



2. The specific morbid conditions consist of an enlarged liver con- 

 taining necrotic areas, an enlarged spleen and a general anemic con- 

 dition of the serous and mucous membranes together with a marked 

 increase in leucocytes and a corresponding decrease of the red cell 

 content of the blood. 



3. The increase in leucocytes seems to be confined to the poly- 

 morphonuclear variety. 



4. Fat, well conditioned, adult fowls are more susceptible than young, 

 nearly mature growing birds. 



5. Birds may contract the disease by the ingestion of pure cultures 

 of Bacterium sanguinarium. 



6. Birds fed upon the offal of other birds dead of this disease show a 

 mild non-fatal form of the disease tending to recovery. 



7. There is evidence that recovery from this mild form produces 

 more or less of an immunity. Further investigation upon this point is 

 needed. 



8. The power of some of the red corpuscles of the affected fowls to 

 take the violet stain, when the blood is diluted in Toisson's fluid is 

 especially noticeable in this disease. 



9. While the lesions produced in fowls which are infected with 

 Bacterium sanguinarium resemble in many respects those produced by 

 Bacterium pullorum, and although there is a still closer resemblance in 

 the biological characters of the two organisms, there is enough difference 

 to warrant the conclusion that they are distinctly different diseases. 



A. R. W. 



The Value of Virulent Salt Solution in the Production of Anti-Hog-Cholera 

 Serum by the Intravenous Method. Robert Graham and L. R. 

 HiMMELBERGER. (Jour. Infect. Diseases, 1916, 18, 118-123.) 

 Craig and Robbins have each shown that salt solution rendered 

 virulent by remaining for some time in the peritoneal cavity of virus 

 pigs can be used advantageously by subcutaneous inoculation to pro- 

 duce potent antisera in immune hogs. The present authors attempted 

 to apply this method modified by the use of intravenous inocula- 

 tion. A virulent salt solution was obtained by injecting into the intra- 

 peritoneal cavity 25 cc. of a 0.9 per cent solution per pound weight of 

 hog. The salt solution, recovered at time of killing five hours later, 

 represented 40 to 70 per cent of the original volume. The volume of 

 blood obtained at the same time was found to have increased on the 

 average by 10 to 20 per cent. Salt virus and blood virus, mixed in the 

 proportions of 1:1 or 3:1, and inoculated either subcutaneously or 



