IS".] SI 



scarcely audible by us, they are imperceptible." There is also a dis- 

 tinct "verticar' and "lateral" movement of the abdomen during the 

 production o£ the song. 



These facts being considered, it will appear, on careful examination 

 of the adjustment of the tymbals in a male Cicada, that the several 

 movements mentioned cannot well take place without literal contact 

 between the indurated portion of the ridges on the tymbals and the 

 posterior projection, when the latter would perform the function of a 

 lima, for which its construction is suitable. The music of the Cicadce 

 exhibits the phenomena of love and rivalry, the males respond to 

 each other's calls, and instigated by the notes approach and congregate 

 on the same bough ; the females attracted by the sound fly to their 

 mates. The males sing in the hand on seizure, and eject a fluid from 

 the anus when disturbed, stimulated, probably, by fear. Their drum- 

 ming is confined to diurnal periods and sunshine, but some, as C//stosoma 

 Saimdersi, sing during the twilight. Another group of Homoptera, 

 the Fulr/oridce, are thought to perform at night. (Darwin, Desc. of 

 Man, i, chap. 10 ; see also Ent. Mo. Mag.,xi, pp. 175 — ^177 ; Journ. of 

 Asiatic Soc. of Bengal, ix, p. 44.1 ; Canadian Nat. and Geologist, iv, p. 

 121 ; Bates's Naturalist on the Amazons, pp. 229—31, 274—75, 

 &c.). 0. Saundersi, whose note, "a loud guttural 'r ' continued inces- 

 santly," makes one think of the "churr" of the goat-euckers, is heard 

 also in the gloom preceding a thunderstorm (Bennett, Wanderings in 

 New South AVales) . 



Guildford : July, 1877. 



DESCRIPTIONS OF THREE NEW SPECIES OF BUTTERFLIES FROM 



DELAaOA BAY. 



BT AV. C. HEWITSOK, F.L.S. 



The Monteiros have sent home their second collection, containing 

 a large number of butterflies, chiefly Charaxes, and in the most 

 perfect condition. 



There is a very fine new Philognoma, a new Charaxes, and a new 

 Crenis of great beauty (described below), nearly allied to C. Benguela 

 of Chapman. These are, however, I am sorry to say, all that are new. 



Delagoa is apparently the head quarters of Charaxes, since the 

 collection contains the following species : — C. Brutus, Candiope, Castor, 

 Zoolina, Phceus, sp. n., Ephira, Pelias, Neanthes, and Achcemenes. 



Of G. AchcBmcnes, there are both sexes. The female, which I do 

 not remember to have seen before, bears a great general resemblance 

 to C. Pelias. 



