18780 253 



ham ; one ■was sent to Mr. Hellins (who had lost every one of the larvae he retained 

 during hibernation), and the imago bred June 30th ; and two I kept myself, and 

 treated with such success, that the pair of butterflies, a male and female, which I 

 bred on June 26th and 27th, were larger and finer specimens than any I possessed 

 before. 



The egg in shape is a dumpy cone, laid erect on the flattened broader end, and 

 rounded off at the top ; the shell with about twenty tolerably prominent, longitu- 

 dinal ribs, some not reaching to the top, where the others converge on a central 

 embossed space, having again a spot of finer reticulation in its middle ; the reticu- 

 lation between the ribs is not very prominent ; the colour at first pale greenish-yel- 

 low and glistening, in about a week it turns paler, and in the middle of the second 

 week paler again, with a leaden-grey blotch near the top showing the place of the 

 larva's head. The young larva on hatching breakfasts on the egg-shell, and is worth 

 describing minutely, because its appearance changes so much after a moult ; it looks 

 shortish, of even bulk ; the ground colour ochreous-yellow, the head shining blackish- 

 brown, a dingy olive collar on the second segment, all the usual warts large, shining, 

 of a deeper tint of the ground colour, and furnished with stiff bristles ; on the 7th, 

 9th, and 11th segments a pair of lateral, deep, dull broionish-ochreous spots which 

 enclose the hinder trapezoidal and the upper lateral warts ; on the 13th, the four 

 trapezoidals are soldered into a plate. 



On its first appearance in spring, the larva is no more than one-eighth of an 

 inch long, having apparently moulted but once bfifore hibernation ; the special or- 

 namentation of 7th, 9th, and 11th segments is gone, though the ground colour is 

 still ochreous ; it now moults, and though similar to its previous ochrcous appear- 

 ance, yet the colours are fresher and the ground is seen to be varied by a dorsal line 

 of brown, widening somewhat diamond-fashion through each segment, and met by 

 oblique lines from two darker brown subdorsal spots, placed at the beginning, and a 

 similar pair of spots at the end of each segment ; the sides brownish, broken with 

 ochrcous, with a paler subspiracular region, the belly brownish, head black, the pale 

 ochreous parts glossy, the brown parts dull, several scries of warts, eacli with a 

 bristly hair, all now seen in the situations of future spines. After another moult, 

 sometime between April 12th and 20th, the spines appear, short and stumpy alike, 

 pinkish-brown in colour, with black tips and branches ; head and body now black, with 

 double lines of whitish-violot on the back ; length of the lai'va now, about three- 

 sixteenths of an inch. At the next moult, after about ten days, the details and 

 colours are much as before, and the general appearance is very dark and black ; 

 another moult, and the larva soon becomes three-eighths of an inch long, and shows 

 the two lines on the back to be ochreous-yellow, and the sides brownish-ochreous. 



From this point, I shall speak especially of one individual, the most forward, to 

 which I paid especial attention, keeping it apart from the rest ; this one moulted 

 a^ain on April 29th, when it seemed much exhausted, and waited four hours before 

 moving, and then hid itself under another leaf, remaining there williout further 

 movement for twenty-nine hours more, and only beginning to feed again on 1st of 

 May : it now ate out small segments of circles from the edges of the violet leaves, 

 and, after eleven days' steady feeding and growth, I found its length had increased 

 to five-eighths of an inch ; the spines at this stage differed in colour, tliose of the 

 unpcr row being pinkish-ochreous with black tips, the first pair blunt, those of the 

 lower rows black with reddish bases. 



