1878.1 255 



touch, and remembering that no advance was possible, it kept its place, till the final 

 moment came, and then disposed of the diiBculty by arching the hinder part of the 

 back convexly downwards from the leaf, and, with a strong effort, pulled out the 

 anal legs by a downward, not a forward, motion. The largest larva previously noted 

 made enormous meals for the last ten days, freely exposing itself on the violet plants, 

 but on the 7tli of June, towards evening, it became restless, and wandered actively 

 over the plants, the earth, and protecting glass cylinder, impatient of confinement, 

 and, late at night, found its way to the leno covering at top ; next morning it was 

 still there, but much shortened, and engaged at intervals in adding to a layer of silk 

 already partly spun ; in the afternoon it turned itself round, so as to insert the anal 

 leg hooks in the small tuft of silk prepared in one spot, deliberately testing the 

 strength with each foot in turn by a visible pull, the ventral legs holding on to the 

 tliinner silk layer spread before the tuft, but the head and front legs quite free from 

 it ; thus it remained for nearly five hours, and then suspending itself only by the 

 anal legs, changed to a chrysalis on the 9th of June. 



The full-grown larva measures from about one and a half to one and 

 five-eighths of an inch in length, in proportion rather stout ; the broadish head has 

 the lobes produced angularly on the ci'own by pi'ojecting tubercles with stout pointed 

 hairs, ocelli prominent ; the second segment wider than the head, and the bulk 

 again increasing to the fifth, decreasing again from the tenth to the thirteenth ; the 

 spines are in three rows on either side, bulbous based, pointed, and branched with 

 finer spines, hair-like, of varying lengths; in position they are subdorsal, lateral, 

 and sub-spiracular, six on a segment, except that the thirteenth has only four 

 spines, and the three thoracic segments have on their sides only ttuo spines, and these 

 placed on the segmental divisions laterally, i. e., one between the second and third, 

 and one between the third and fourth ; as some compensation, however, the first 

 pair of subdorsal spines, as already noted, are of extra length, with blunt tips, and 

 directed over the head, and there are also on each of these segments from three to 

 five wart-like tubercles, each bearing a pointed bristle ; similar bristled warts, in a 

 transverse series, are seen on the belly of the fifth, sixth, eleventh, and twelfth, and 

 the intervening segments have a longitudinal row of four or five just above the out- 

 side of each ventral leg. The colour of the head and its numerous hairs is black and 

 glistening, with a marbling of pale yellow on the crown, upper lip ochreous ; down 

 the whole length of the back are two stripes of brilliant yellow, rather inclining to 

 ochreous and sulpliur at cither end, separated only by a black dorsal line ; these 

 stripes are still more conspicuously relieved by a black velvet-like bordering of mark- 

 ings, broad and unbroken, as a spot in front of each subdorsal spine, though finely 

 edged outwardly with brownish-ochreous, and also behind the spine with the same 

 colour, and two faint curving lines of it breaking there the black ; tlie ground colour 

 of the sides, just as far as the lowest row of spines, is velvety-brown, adorned along 

 the middle by a series of rather fusiform, black, velvety marks, one on each segment, 

 intersected in the middle by tlie lateral spine, and finely edged with brownish- 

 ochreous; some short rudiments of other fine ragged lines of tliis colour occur on 

 parts of the ground, but become very faint along the spiracular region, where a few 

 freckles appear of lighter ochreous ; the oval spiracles are black ; the spines are of a 

 reddish-oclireous colour, with their extreme tips and branches black ; the belly is of 

 a dull blackish-brown, abruptly contrasted witJi the side, and rather inclining to 



