1907.] 221 



precisely with types of candidulana, Nolck.," adding " Some examples 

 taken by Mr. Howard Vaughan are nearly white. It is very possible 

 that this variety may have been called lacteana, Tr., by Stephens." 

 1 have not seen Howard Vaughan's specimens, but I have pale 

 varieties, and have carefully compared them with a German series. 

 Although I am not prepared at present to discuss the points of 

 difference, it seems to be somewhat doubtful whether they have been 

 properly united. One character by which I have not yet failed to 

 distinguish specimens taken in England is to be found on the under- 

 side of the costa, on the apical third of the forewings, where candi- 

 dulana, Nlkn., possesses about three pairs of short, stumpy, and 

 sometimes indistinct, white streai\s— in marifima, Wstwd., these are 

 also present, but, especially toward the apex, more produced and 

 attenuated. 



For the present I should not propose conclusively to eliminate 

 candidulana, Nlkn., from the synonymy ; at the same time we must 

 discount the British references to " lacteana, Treit. ? " [Stph. List. 

 Br. An. BM. X. Lp. G2, no. 7 (1S52) ; Wkr. Cat. Lp. XXVII. 253, 

 no. G (1863)] relating to a single specimen in the British Museum, 

 which Stainton [Ent. Ann. 1855, 33 (1854): (2 ed.) 55 (1855)] 

 believed to be wimmerana [i.e., marifima'], and Doubleday [List 25 

 (1859, &c.)] regarded as a variety of pupillana, L. 



In Staudinger and Wocke's Catalog [1252, no. 1037 (1871)], 

 candidulana, Nlkn., is placed in Qrapholifha, Tr. (B. Paedisca, Ldr.), 

 characterised by the presence of the costal fold in the ^ , although in 

 Nolcken's (then recent) description of " candidulana, Hnm., in lit." 

 we read " Der Mangel des Fliigelumschlags trennt Candidulana zwar 

 auf den ersten Blick, aber nur in mannlichen Geschlechte, von Alhi- 

 dulana und Lacteana," nor did Staudinger and Eebcl discover the 

 mistake, for they refer it [Cat. Lp. Pal. II. 116, no. 2080 (1901)] to 

 JSpiblema, Hb., Meyr., a genus consisting of species possessing a 

 costal fold. Wilkinson, Barrett, Meyrick, and other British authors 

 following these, have rightly recognised that maritima, Wstwd., did 

 not possess this character, and have classified it accordingly. It 

 properly belongs, with the true candidulana, Nlkn., to the genus 

 Thiodia, Hb., of which the type is citrana, Hb. 



We are now left with the question — What is the true " Orapho- 

 litha wimmerana, Tr." ? Eef erring to the Zeller Collection we find 

 two blocks labelled ''wimmerana,'' the first consisting of three speci- 

 mens, one of these being a specially labelled exponent from Kinder- 



