PKOCEEDINGS OF SOCIETIES. 25 



their origin from the Arab Limu ; and this name probably has a 

 Sanscrit origin. The Sanscrit word Nagaranga^ for Orange, is 

 readily traced in the Arab Naranj, and the European terms Aranzio 

 Pomerame^ Orange. Again, the word portogallo^ by which the 



sweet Orange is known in parts of the Mediterranean region 



for instance in Greece and Albania — is quoted in proof of the 

 introduction of this fruit by the Portuguese, in the same way 

 as the German (and Russian) term, ApfeUine^ seems to point to 

 its having been brought from China. 



*' So far regarding the westward spread of these fruits. "Whether 

 the numerous varieties of Citrons and Oranges cultivated in China have 

 originated in species indigenous in that country, or whether the 

 mountains of India are their original home, and whether any fruit- 

 trees of this genus are indigenous in the Indian Archipelago or in 

 Polynesia — these are questions of great interest, which call for further 

 botanical and historical studies. My object in bringing these ques- 

 tions forward prominently in this place is to induce others with more 

 leisure and more opportunities of observation to study a subject of 

 great historical interest, which may eventually serve to bring out 

 important results regarding the spread and changes of arborescent 

 species under cultivation." (pp. 55, 56.) ' 



The chapters on Coniferce. and Cupidiferce, contain much valuable 

 information as to the extent of existing Forests in the North Western 

 Himalayas, with reliable details as to the growth and natural history 

 of the pines and oaks. Thirty-two Himalayan trees and shrubs 

 have been critically identified with well-known European species. 

 These are: — " Eerier is vulgaris, Mtjricaria germanica, Rhus Cotinus, 

 Prunus prostrata, P. Padus, Ruhus fruticosus, Rosa moschata, Pyrus 

 Aria, Cratcegus Oxyacantha, C.Pyracantha,Ribes grossularia, R. nigrum , 

 Hedera Helix^ Lonicera alpigena, Sambucus Ehulus, Hippophae 

 rhamnoides, Elceagnus hortensis, Viscum album, Celtis australis, 

 Platanus orientalis, Buxus sempervirens, Salix alba, S. histata, 

 S. daphnoides, S. viminalis, Populus alba, Quercus Ilex, Corylus 

 Colurna, Ephedra vulgaris, Juniperus communis, Pinus excelsa, and 

 Taxus baccata^ The forester transferred from Europe finds himself 

 surrounded by trees belonging to the same families and genera, and in 

 many instances recognises the species with which he was familiar in 

 his native country. 



The 4to. volume of Illustrations by Mr. Fitch, which may be pro- 

 cured separately, contains delineations of seventy arboreous forms, 

 characteristic of the territory embraced in the Flora : amongst others 

 are : Cedrela Toona, Ilex dipyroena, Bassia butyracea, Biospyros 

 Lotus, Fraxinus Jloribunda, Tectona grandis, TJlmus Wallichiana, and 

 Populus Euphratica. H. Cleghoen. 



^rocectiing^ of ^ocietie^* 



Botanical Society of Edinbijegh, Nov. \2th, 1874. — Prof. 

 Christison, president, in the chair. This was the first meeting of the 

 39th session, and the president delivered the usual annual address, 



