NOTICES OF BOOKS AND MEMOIRS. 121 



EosA SEPiuM, Thuill. — As the recorded occurrence of this 

 species in Surrey rests on a single hush found by Mr. Baker at 

 Hindhead, I think it may he worth while to state that I found it in 

 large quantity on the Hog's Back, near Puttenham, last autumn. — 



H. GrROYES. 



Notices of JSoofts antf itttmotrs^. 



Die Schiitzmittel der Pflamen fjegen Thieve uud Wetterungunst und die 

 Fraye vom sahfreien Urmeer. (The means by which lolants are 

 protected against animals and unfavourable weather, and the 

 question of the primitive freshwater sea.) Von Otto Kuntze. 

 Leipzig, Arthur Felix. 1877. 

 There are two kinds of botanical traveller, differing from each 

 other as much as it is possible to conceive : the one kind consists 

 of those who content themselves mth amassing specimens without 

 paying attention to life-history ; the other is of a very different 

 complexion, and mcludes such men as Grif&th, Eobert Brown, and 

 the author of that charming book 'The Naturahst in Nicaragua.' 

 It is an example of the work of a member of the latter class that 

 we now have before us ; and though we cannot but thmk that 

 some of the views here advocated are inadmissible, yet the ore 

 predominates greatly over the dross ; and the author may be con- 

 gratulated on having pushed on a pace or two the slowly but 

 sm-ely moving branch of om- science which takes cognisance of the 

 adaptation of means to ends. 



In order to give a clear notion of the scope of the work it will 

 be most convenient to briefly run over the principal cited methods 

 of protection. From animals plants are protected by possession of 

 runners ; by close growth (thus effectually banishing animals too 

 large to force a passage) ; by growing under sheltering bushes (this 

 apphes of com-se to herbs) ; by twining habit ; by epiphytic habit ; 

 by presence of spines and thorns (protection against grazmg birds) ; 

 by all forms of trichomes (these, besides hiudermg browsers, pre- 

 vent crawhng up of msects, &c.) ; by production of organs and 

 tissues suitable to ant-habitation ; by growing in water, and by 

 havmg leaves adapted to hold water at then- bases ; by rings of 

 hau-s on stem, &c. (agauist crawling insects) ; by slippery waxy 

 smiaces ; by milky sap (this, besides bemg poisonous to grazing 

 animals, by its exudation impedes the movements of small climbing 

 creatures) ; by presence of ethereal oils m all parts, including the 

 seed (di-ives away insects) ; by corky tissues ; by possession of 

 leathery leaves which may be distasteful to grazing anunals ; by 

 development of tubers, bulbs and alhed structures ; by revolution 

 of leaf-margins and of corolla-tips (renders climbing difficult to 

 ants) ; by the absence of chlorophyll ; by poisonous or bitter prin- 

 ciples developed chiefly in seeds, these also being protected by 

 their hardness, leathery consistence and small size. 



