PKOCEEDINGS OF SOCIETIES. 313 



Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. — E. Eathay, * On Cladosporium Roesleri, 

 and the ''black brand" of the Vine' (continued). — P. Ascherson, 

 ' Fiu'ther remarks on the eastern forms of ScJdsmus, and on the 

 plants of the Lesser Oasis' (Chara succincta, A. Br. ms., n. sp.). — 

 C. J. von Klinggraff, ' Carex iKinicea and C. Jiirta, forma refracta.' — 

 V. von Borbas, ' On Leucanthemum jjlatylejus.' — W. Vatke, ' Plantae 

 a Hildebrandt in Africa trop. collect.; Leguminosm' (continued). — 

 R. F. Solla, ' Summer Flora of the neighbourhood of Gorz.' — 

 F. Antoine, 'Botany of Vienna Exhibition' (continued). 



Hedu'igia. — L. Rabenhorst, ' Some New Fungi and Algae.' 

 Annales cles Sc. Nat. (ser. 6, vol. v., pt. 6). — G. Naudin, ' Eight 

 years meteorological observations made in the experimental 

 garden at Collioure.' — R. Moynier de Villepoix, ' Researches into 

 the secretary canals of Umbelliferous fruits' (tt. 16, 17). 



(ser. 6, vol. vi., pts. 1 & 2). — C. Flaliault, ' Researches in 



the terminal growth of the roots of Phanerogams' (tt. 1-8). 



Magyar Novengtani Lapok. — L. Haynald, Obituary notice of 

 Parlatore. 



ptocteOtnp of Soctettes. 



British Association for the Advancement of- Science, 

 Dublin, 1878. 

 Section D. Biology. Department of Zoology and Botany. — 

 August 19th. — Sh* J. D. Hooker, Vice-President, in the chair. — " On 

 the supposed Radiolarians and DiatonHice(B of the Coal Measures," 

 by Prof. W. C. Williamson. The author called attention to the 

 Traquana of Mr. Carruthers, found in the lower coal measures of 

 Lancashu-e and Yorkshire, which small spherical objects that 

 observer believed to be radiolarians like those still living in existing 

 seas. The author showed that the I'adiating projections with which 

 these spheres are surrounded were not silicious spines like those of 

 radiolarians, but extensions of a continuous membrane which 

 enclosed the entire organism, and which, therefore, could not have 

 the spicular nature attributed to them. He then demonstrated that 

 within this external membrane is a second inner one, which latter 

 is fitted with numerous small vegetable cells like those shown to 

 exist m the interior of fossil spores and reproductive crj^ptogamous 

 capsules found in the same beds as those which furnish the 

 Traquarm. These conditions are so different from those existing 

 in any known recent species of radiolarian as to lead Prof. William- 

 son to reject the idea of their radiolarian character. Their close 

 organic resemblance to some obviously vegetable conceptacles found 

 in the same coal measures suggest that the Traquarm are also 

 vegetable structures. The mountain limestone deposits of some 

 British localities contain a vast multitude of minute calcareous 

 organisms which Mr. SoUas and other observers regarded as radio- 



