208 titp: .touhnal of i?otaxt 



stranger case is seen in what has usually been called Septoria Poda- 

 grarice Lasch. This latter common fungus is frequently accom- 

 panied on the same spot by Phyllosticta j^gopodii Allesch. The 

 *' Septoria" really has a thin pycnidium, but this soon disappears, so 

 that some mycologists have wished to place it in Cylindrosporium, a 

 genus which should not have the slightest trace of a pycnidial wall. 

 To do so would be a serious error, confusing together two unlike 

 things ; it is really a Fhleospora, since the genus Septoria should be 

 confined to those species with elongated spores in which the thin 

 pycnidium pei-sists in its complete form up to and after the dispei-sal 

 of the spores. 



All these fungi appear to develop at a later stage into species of 

 Mi/cosplicercdla. Klebahn proved that PJiJeospora TTlmi is the pyc- 

 nidial stage of his Mycosphcerella TJlmi (Jahr. Wiss. Bot. 1905, 

 p. 492), Jaap did the same for P. Oxyacanthw and M. OxyacanthcB 

 (Bot. Ver. Brand. 1907, p. 15), while P. Acer is is often accompanied 

 bv an immature Pyrenomycete, which has the external characters of 

 a Mycosptlicsrella, but contains only an oily mass of globules — this is 

 presumaljly J\I. sep>torioides (Desm.). There are other similar cases, 

 6. g. Phyllosficfa JEyopodii and Phleospora Podagrarice are almost 

 certainly the early stages of M. u3Egopodii. 



The consideration of the var^dng forms of these pycnidial stages, 

 like those of Phomopsis (Keiv Bulletin, 1917, p. 49), shows how 

 closely the various groups of Fungi enumerated in the third volume 

 of Saccardo's Sylloge are connected together ; how necessary it is, 

 therefore, to have a term (Ccelomycetes) which shall include them all, 

 and, finally, how gi-oundless is the attempt made to distinguish 

 between them by calling the spores *' sporulae " in one group, and 

 ** conidia " in the other. 



It is, of course, desirable that some mycologist with the requisite 

 facilities should cany out a series of cultures to verify these state- 

 ments, but it must be admitted by all that, when a parasitic fungus 

 occupies a definite "spot" (caused by the mycelium) on a leaf, the 

 sj)ore-forms seated thereon may usually be taken as the equivalent of 

 a pure culture, whenever the sequence of events occurs over and over 

 again without variation in the same order, saprophytics and other 

 intruders being then naturally out of the question. 



II. Sph^eultna inteemixta (B. & Br.) A^"D its Allies. 



In 1852 Berkeley and Broome described, in the Annals and 

 3Iagazine of Natural History^ a fungus with scattered perithecia on 

 dead twigs of Kose to which (because it grew mixed with Sphceria 

 fuscella) they gave the name Sphceria intermixta. In 1866 Cooke 

 recorded, in one of the early volumes of this Journal, a similar fungus 

 on dead stems of Puhus to which he gave the name Sphceria ahhre- 

 viata. The name was derived from the habit of the fungus, which 

 has its perithecia mostly not scattered, but arranged in short stmight 

 black rows of three or four, placed longitudinally on the stem. 

 Saccardo, in his Sylloge, vol. ii. p. 187, assigned the former species to 

 the genus Splicer ulina, and recorded it on living bark of Euhiis. He 

 ascribed to it, what neither Berkeley and Broome nor Cooke had 



