HISTORICAL HEVIEW OF THE PII.EOPHYCILi: 2{57 



a few rough blocks were added; cf. JoHNSo:y's Gemrd (1683 j i, and 

 Pahkinson's Theatrum^ (1640). 



A more imposing technical display was made \>j Morisox^ the 

 first Professor of Botany at Oxford (in the posthumous vol. iii. 

 1699), in which copper-plate illustrations are given for the first 

 time, though of varying value, and the text comprises a miscellaneous 

 collection of about 60 plants, including with the sea-weeds Zostera 

 and polyzoans. Eat (1686) ^ repeats much the same miscellaneous 

 collection of plants, but without figures, and remarks of little real 

 scientific value. The number of species of Ficcus grew considerably, 

 the name being extended to all shrubby kinds, as opposed to smaller 

 more mossy forms {Micscus marina). Thus Bauhin in his classical 

 JBinax (1623) collects together references to 20 forms of shrubby 

 Fuci. Parkinson (1640) knew 12 English plants (including JJlva 

 and Padina). Tournefort ^ (1700) gives a list of 76 species. 



In the thii'd edition of Pay's ^Si/nopsis (1724) Dillenjus 

 includes 57 species as Fucus, and these are arranged in artificial 

 classes as they are (1) Branched, (2) Dichotomous, (3) Bilateral, or 

 the converse ^. Dillenius, Sherardian Professor of Botany at Oxford 

 (1734-1747), also amassed a collection of all the common objects of 

 the sea-shore that looked anything like a i:)lant, including sponges, 

 hydroids, polyzoans, and red and brown algae. He collected every- 

 thing he saw on the beach, just as one might do to-day, including 

 about 20 Phseophycea? out of a total of 60 forms 7. The value of this 

 work can be indicated by saying that the same sort of thing could be 

 done by any intelligent and uninstructed boy, as a holiday task, in a 

 few days at the sea-side. As an example of shore-observations, the 

 text is chiefly remarkable for the common plants left out. This is no 

 reflection on the industry of Dillenius, whose province Avas a survey 

 of the whole of the vegetable kingdom, single-handed, but it serves 

 to indicate the highest scientific hoiizon of the time — at any rate, 

 much had been done since the time of Dodonseus. 



III. Influe>^ce of the LiNN^AJf SrsTEM (1735-1813). 



From the very chaotic medley of bad descriptions, Lii^?s-j:its 

 (1753), in the first edition of the Species JPlantarum^, reduced the 

 species of Fucus to 27 * shrubby ' forms ; any other sea-weeds being 

 included as Llva (9) and Conferva (21); e.g., Pylaiella littoralis 



1 Gerard's Herhall, enlarged and amended by Thomas Johnson (London, 

 1633), pp. 1567, 1670. 



- The Theatre of Plants, John Parkinson (London, 1640), pp. 1281, 1292. 



^ Plantarum Historiae Universalis Oxonieyisis, pars tertia, by Jacobus Bobar- 

 tius, Oxford, 1699. Morison died in 1683 ; cf. An account oj the MorUonian 

 Herharinm, Vines & Drnce, Oxford (1914), p. 223, Part iii (1699), xv. cap. 48, 

 p. 645 and last folio of plates, Sect. 15, tt. 8, 9. 



■* Ray, Historia Plantarum, London (1704), vol. iii. pp. 9, 10. 



^ Toiimefort, Paris (1700), Institntiones Rei Herhariae, p. 565. 



^ Johannis Eaii Synopsis, editio tertia (Dillenius), London (1724), p. ZO. 



'' The Dillenian Herbaria, Druce & Vines, Oxford (1907), p. 21. 



^ Species Plantarum, edit. i. Holmiie; 1753, vol. ii. p. 1158. 



