THE BRITISH WILLOWS 47 



Essex. Europe : France, Denmark, Scandinavia, Finland, Ger- 

 many, and Eussia. 



9. Salix caprea L. Sp. PL 1020. Wade, 349. Seringe, 15. 

 Sm. Engl. PL iv. 225 ; in Eees Cycl. 126. Doell, 496. Anderss. 

 Monogr. i. 75; in DC. Prodr. xvi. (2), 222. Wimmer, Sal. Eur. 

 55. Syme, E. B. viii. 233. B. White, Revision, 385. Camus, 

 Monogr. 202.— S. latifolia rotunda Dill, in R. Syn. ed. 3, 449.— 

 S. spliacelata Sm. Fl. Brit. iii. 1066. — S. hybrida Vill. Dauph. 

 iii. 778 (1789). 



Icon. Hoffmann, Hist. Sal. t. 3, f. 1, 2 ; t. 5, f. 4. E. Bot. 

 t. 2333 (S. spliacelata), t. 1488. Fl. Dan. t. 2603. Forbes, Sal. 

 Wob. t. 122. Camus, Atlas, PL 17, a-g (1904). 



Exs. Herb. Linn. 50 f, 71 c, 75 (ectypa). Wimmer, Sal. 

 Relict. (Coll. Sal. 23). Kerner, Hb. CEsterr. Weiden, 48. Billot, 

 462. Leefe, Brit. Sal. exs. 61, 63 (f. androgyna). E. F. & W. R. 

 Linton, Nos. 19, 54. Hb. B. White, Nos. 47, 271, 272. Toepffer, 

 Nos. 16, 115, 116, 209, 262 (f. androgyna). 



A shrub or small tree, 10-30 ft. high, branches and buds 

 rather stout, pubescent at first, soon glabrescent as a rule, late 

 summer twigs sometimes retaining their pubescence. Stipules 

 i-cordate + acuminate often dentate or deeply cut. Leaves 

 large ; blades 2-5 in. long, broadly oval or ovate-oblong, often 

 rounded at the base, more rarely subcordate, not unfrequently 

 obovate and narrowed (almost cuneate) below (chiefly in hilly 

 regions of the North) ; somewhat undulate, crenate, or obscurely 

 crenate- serrate or entire, softly pubescent but + glabrescent and 

 dark green above, grey very softly and densely pubescent beneath, 

 and usually not glabrescent. Catkins appearing in March or 

 April before the leaves, subsessile with a few small leaves not 

 always foliaceous at the base ; $ ovate-oblong f-l-§- in. long, very 

 silky, filaments glabrous or slightly hairy near the base; $ 

 elongating l|-3 in. long, at length lax ; bracts oblanceolate 

 acuminate subacute, clothed with long silky hairs ; pedicels at 

 length 4-6 times as long as the short nectaries ; ovaries J— \ in- 

 long ovate-conic ; style short rarely elongate, usually shorter 

 than the stigmas. 



S. caprea differs from S. cinerea in its broader leaves which 

 are softly silky to the touch beneath and deeper green above, and 

 in its larger catkins with pointed bracts. It differs from >S'. aurita 

 in its larger broader less rugose and usually softer leaf-blades, 

 and in its stouter twigs and catkins. It differs from both in 

 having no striae on the young wood beneath the bark. 



11 S. spliacelata Sm. " is a form of S. caprea with entire leaf- 

 blades and usually exstipulate leaves. Such a form occurs in 

 woods and on rocks in Scotland, but seems to be rather an 

 undeveloped state than a distinct variety. 



In Smith's herbarium the British specimen (labelled " Salix 

 spliacelata, Mr. E. Forster's garden, Hale End, May 27, 1825") 

 is a form of S. cinerea with rather short, broadly obovate leaf- 

 blades, which are grey with dense pubescence in their early state. 

 Another sheet, from Switzerland, on the label of which is pen- 



