176 R. E. BUCHANAN 



Zopf (1885, p. 50) differentiated Vibrio from Spirillum because 

 the former was said to produce spores. 



Hueppe (1886) further subdivided these forms on a similar 

 basis as follows: 



1. Without endospores Spirochaete 



2. With endospores. 



a. Without change of cell form upon spore production. 



Spirillum 



b. With change of form upon spore production Vibrio 



Winogradsky (1888, p. 105) removed the spirals containing 

 sulphur to a new genus and gave them the name Thiospirillum. 

 Schroeter (1886) differentiates by the following key. 



1. Cells stiff (not flexuous). With endogenous spores .. .Spirillum 



2. Spirals flexuous. 



a. Cells known only in the form of a long flexuous spiral. 



Spores not known Spirochaete 



b. Cells usually only one half spiral, later growing to spirals. 



Arthrospores? Microspira 



Migula (1894 p. 237) separated the genera of the Spirillaceae 

 as follows: 



I. Cells stiff, not flexuous. 



a. Cells non-motile Spirosoma 



b. Cells motile, with flagella. 



1. Cells with 1, rarely 2 or 3 polar flagella Microspira 



2. Cells with tuft of polar flagella Spirillum 



II. Cells flexuous Spirochaete 



Lehmann and Neumann (1896) subdivide the Spirillaceae as 

 follows : 



I. Cells short, slightly bent, with one or two polar flagella... yibno 

 II. Cells long, spirally bent, rigid, usually with a tuft of polar 



flagella Spirillum 



III. Cells flexible, long, spiral, coiled filaments, flagella unknown. 



Spirochaeta 



Blanchard (1906, p. 1) removed the genus Spirochaeta to the 

 protozoa, and separated the bacterial genera as follows under 

 the heading Spirohacteria. 



