TURRITELLA.— Plate I. 



authoiity of M. Kiener, however, who has the same access 

 to the types of the Lamaickian species as we have to those 

 of Linnffius, the Em-opeaii representative of the genus is 

 the T. cornea, Lamarck. M. Deshayes' T. unguUua (Anim. 

 saus veil. vol. ix. p. 260) must therefore be cancelled. 



Species 2. (Mus. Cuming.) 

 TURIUTF.LLA DUPLICATA. TuiT. teuld ohem-turhinaia, 

 crmm, ponderosa, mifraclihiis ml xn/iri,ii, iirnu'm per- 

 paueis nmUi-carinatis, ciiriml innrn, ilrimlc ihiahus 

 multo emhwHtioribus, cariiiixpiirri.s citu ci-iniiilis, majori- 

 bus gradatim minus elatu, aperiurd valde simald ; 

 fulvescente-lacted, avfractimm parte supremd satu- 

 ratiore. 

 The duplicate Turritella. Shell stoutly turbi- 

 nated, thick, ponderous, whorls about si.Kteen in 

 number, the first few many-keeled, one keel and 

 afterwards two to three very conspicuously elevated^ 

 small keels quickly disappearing, larger keels gra- 

 dually less raised, aperture considerably siuuated ; 

 fulvous cream-colour, uppermost part of the whorls 

 of rather darker colour. 

 Lamarck, kmm. saus vert. (Deshayes' edit.) vol. ix. p. 251 . 

 Turbo dupUcatm, LiuniBus. 

 Eadem var. Turbo acutangulus, Linnseus. 

 An eadem var. ? Turbo repUcatus, Linnseus. 

 Hab. Eastern Seas. 



The Turbo acutmigulus of Liimajus is truly a variety of 

 his Turbo dupUcatus, as may be seen on reference to the 

 original specimen in the Linnfean collection ; but not so 

 the species to which M. Deshayes has assigned that title, 

 figured by M. Kiener at PI. 2. Pig. 26, and in the accom- 

 panying plate at Fig. 4. 



The first few whorls of Turr'UeUa dupUcata are encircled 

 by numerous keels, one of which is particularly sharp and 

 prominent. The smaller keels quickly disappear, and a 

 second of equal prominence with the principal keel makes 

 its appearance in most specimens at about the tenth whorl. 

 Linnieus's Turbo acutangulus is a specimen in which the 

 second prominent keel is not developed. The first sharp- 

 angled keel is equally prominent in all varieties of the 

 species during the first eight or ten whorls. 



Species 3. (Mus. Cuming.) 



TurRITELLA TEREBUA. Tun-. Icslil hiiirmliilii-turritd, 

 acutissime altenuald, aiifniclihus ml iiin,i,jiif ,1 dg'mii, 

 medio tumidiuscuUs, spiruJitir aci'l!' .icr-runiiiilis, su- 

 iuris lavibiis, cccavalis ; caslanm-brunncd aut fiil- 

 vcsci'iite. 



Tni; avgur Turritklla. Shell lauccolatcly turretcd. 



very sharply attenuated, whorls about twenty-five in 

 number, rather swollen in the middle, spirally sharply 

 six-keeled, sutures smooth, excavated ; chestnut- 

 brown or fulvous. 

 Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes' edit.) vol. ix. p. 253. 

 Turbo terebra, Linnfens, Syst. Nat. (not of I'auua . 



Suecica.) 

 Tnrritella Archimedis, Dillwyn, Mawe. 

 Ilab. Piulippine Islands ; Cuming. 



The magnificent specimen here represented, is very 

 similar to that selected by Martyii for the frontispiece 

 of his ' Universal Conchologist. ' Struck by the perfect 

 symmetry of its convolutions, he distinguished it by the 

 title of 'A<j)poS'iTri, significant of its graceful form and 

 marine origin, and truly the geometrical proportions of 

 this species are the perfection of beauty. The specimen 

 figured was dredged by Mr. Cuming in fine sand at low 

 water at the Island of Negros, one of the Philippines. 

 The T. terebra of the ' Fauna Suecica ' and of British 

 authors (f. ii«M«' and ungulinus, Deshayes, T.commmm, 

 Philippi) is the T. cornea of Lamarck. 



Species 4. (Mus. Cuming.) 



Turritella attenuata. Turr. testa aadisshrieattenuatd, 

 anfractibus ad viginti, spiraliter striatis, ulterioribus 

 medio acutl et tenue unicarinatis striis evanidis, suturis 

 subexcavatis ; fuscescente-albd, lividd, anfractuum parte 

 superiori saturatiore, aperturd sinuatd. 

 The attenuated Turritella. Shell very sharply at- 

 tenuated, whorls about twenty in number, spirally 

 striated, latter whorls sharply and finely one-keeled 

 in the middls, strise disappearing, sutures rather 

 excavated ; light fulvous white, livid, upper part of 

 the whorls darker, aperture sinuated. 

 Turritella acutangula, Deshayes, Anim. sans vert. vol. ix. 

 p. 259 (not Turbo acutangulus, Linn.). 



Hab. ? 



The " carina majore acuta" by which Linnaeus charac- 

 terizes his Turbo cfcutangulus, constitutes a very prominent 

 feature in that and the T. duplicatus, and proves them, 

 beyond doubt, to be one and the same species. In the 

 species under consideration there is no indication of this 

 character, the whorls being merely encircled from the apex 

 with ten elevated stria; or fine ridges which become more 

 numerous, fainter, and almost obsolete. The species is 

 further distinguished by its more attenuated growth, and 

 a central fine keel or cord wliicli is not developed until 

 after the tenth or twclflh wliorl, and the keel-like stria; 

 become obsolete. 



