290 KAN-ICHIRO MORISHIMA 



obtained by Penfold, Saisawa, and by us as far as they go, indicate 

 that he was right in concluding that all typhoid cultures exhibit the 

 phenomenon. Muller and Saisawa found that some other bacteria 

 besides Bad. typhosum also give rise to daughter colonies on rhamnose 

 agar. 



Penfold (1911) found that the twenty strains of Bad. typhosum inves- 

 tigated by him all gave daughter colonies on rhamnose neutral red agar 

 and he noticed acid production in none of the daughter colonies. But 

 after a number of subcultures in I'hamnose broth, he obtained a strain 

 which fermented rhamnose. Such a rapid fermenter no longer pro- 

 duced daughter colonies on rhamnose agar and even when it was 

 passed through thirteen generations of pepton water and plated on 

 rhamnose agar it still did not give rise to daughter colonies. He 

 found that the Twort lactose fermenting Bad. typhosum and 

 a typhoid culture which had been trained to ferment dulcitol rapidly 

 both produced daughter colonies on rhamnose agar. Three strains 

 inoculated on neutral red dulcitol agar yielded daughter colonies as 

 early as the third day and some of the latter were acid by the fifth 

 day. Some plates showed as low as 2 per cent of colonies with 

 daughter colonies, some as high as 50 per cent. Different plates inocu- 

 lated with the same culture also showed variations within these limits. 



Mandelbaum (1912) observed the production of daughter colonies 

 from B. metatyphi on glycerol agar; from daughter colonies were 

 obtained organisms which behaved in all respects like Bad. typhosum. 



Bernhardt and Ornstein (1913) found colonies on dried agar with 

 irregular outlines, and nucleus forms like anthrax colonies besides the 

 normal typhoid colonies. On cultivating in bouillon this organism 

 produced a film on the surface and was only slightly motile. They 

 did not observe any phenomena of hypo- or in-agglutinability. These 

 types we too have seen on dried plates but they are not real daughter 

 colonies. 



Gildermeister's (1913) typhoid strains produced daughter colonies 

 on rhamnose agar except in one strain which had been isolated from a 

 stool. The dysentery bacillus, Shiga-Kruse type and Strong type, 

 Bad. coli, Bad. alkaligenes, paratyphoid bacilli, Gaertner bacilli, and 

 cholera vibrios did not produce daughter colonics, but Bad. dysenteriae, 

 Flexner type, and six out of fourteen strains of the "Y" type produced 

 them. Six passages on ascitic agar or transplants over two weeks in 

 rhamnose bouillon caused typhoid bacilli to grow colonies without 

 daughter colonies on rhamnose agar. 



