VARIATIONS IN TYPHOID BACILLI 291 



Saisawa (1913) observed daughter colonies of Bad. typhosum when 

 plated on rhamnose, dulcitol, arabinose (small ones) or eiythrite agar 

 after one week. Also he found daughter colonies on plating on rham- 

 nose agar all of twenty-five strains of typhoid, three strains of Shiga 

 type of dysenteiy, three strains of Flexner type, thirteen strains of 

 Y-type, two strains of Strong type, two out of three strains of Pseudo- 

 dysenteriae and none of ten strains of Paratyphoid B, five strains of 

 Paratyphoid A, ten strains of Gaertner's bacillus, three strains of mouse- 

 typhoid and six strains of Bad. coli. He could not obtain any varia- 

 tion of typhoid bacilli in culture media containing phenol or malachite 

 green or caffein or by heating at 50°C. for one hour. 



Daughter colonies have been observed and studied in connection 

 with cultures of B. anthracis, V. cholerae, Bad. coli, Bad. dysenteriae, 

 and other organisms, but they were either caused by sugars not con- 

 sidered in this paper or were not due to sugars at all. 



OUR OWN WORK WITH DAUGHTER COLONIES 



A. On sugar media without indicator^ 



On the second day or a little later, in an isolated thin colony, 

 one or more very small heaped-iip yellow- or slightly brow^nish 



2 The sugars which we used for our work were analyzed at the Bureau of Stand- 

 ards, Department of Commerce, at Washington, D. C. The results were as 

 follows : 



per cent 



Arabinose 94.1 



Moisture 1.1 Audubon Sugar School, Baton Rouge, 



Insoluble matter 1.4 La., 62 grams arabinose 



Undetermined 3.4 



Total impurity 4.8 



Rhamnose 89.6 



Moisture 9.9 Army Medical Museum, Rhamnose, AMS 



Undetermined 0.5 



Xylose 100.6 



Moisture 0.2 257378, xylose, Difco Standard, Digestive 



Ferment Co., Detroit, Mich., U. S. A. 

 Raffinose 82 . 5 



Moisture 15. 1 RaflBnose — no label to show where from 



Total impurity 2.4 



Dulcite 



Polarization Dulcite 10 grams Special Chemicals Co., 



Polarization in presence of Not inc.. Highland Park, 111. 



borax 



Melting point 188 



