524 HILDA HEMPL HELLEK 



No change in form of mother cell on spore formation. Less easily 

 stained by Gram method than preceding group (anthrax group). 

 Usually liquef}'" gelatin and produce foul odors. 



7. The symptomatic anthrax and butjTic acid group. Large bacilli 

 that swell to form Clostridia on sporulation, saprophytic and parasitic, 

 mostly anaerobes. 



8. Tetanus group. Fairly large bacilli with drumstick (Knopfchen) 

 spores. Mostly anaerobic parasites and saprophytes. 



Migula (1900) included in his family Bacteriaceae the peri- 

 trichially flagellate rods in one enormous genus, Bacillus; the 

 non-flagellate rods in another, Bacterium. 



Fischer (1903) in his second classification divided the Bacil- 

 laceae into: Sporulating and non-sporulating rods, sporangia 

 unchanged in shape, Bacillieae; and spore-bearing rods modified 

 in shape: spindle-shaped, Clostridieae, and drumstick shaped, 

 Plectridieae. 



Lehmann and Neumann (1904) divide the Bacteriaceae into 

 the genera: "Bacterium, without endogenous spores, rods usually 

 under 0.8 to l^t in diameter," and "Bacillus, with endogenous 

 spores, rods often more than 1/x in diameter." 



Orla-Jensen (1909) in his comprehensive reorganization of 

 systematic bacteriology according to the chemical behavior of 

 the organisms, proposed for the higher bacteria the order Peri- 

 trichinae, to include rods and spherical forms which show a 

 marked tendency to split carbohydrates and amino-acids. In 

 this order he proposed four families, two aerobic and two an- 

 aerobic, two producing acid and two producing alkali. The 

 anaerobic families he called Butyrihacteriaceae and Putribac- 

 teriaceae. He would place with these, I presume, the anaerobic 

 cocci, and spore-formation is evidently not a requisite criterion 

 for admission to the anaerobic groups. In the Butyrihacteriaceae 

 he proposed three genera: Butyribacillus (to include B. Welchii 

 and B. Chauvoei), Pectobacillus, and Cellulobacillus. In the 

 Putribacteriaceae he proposed the genera Putribacillus and Botulo- 

 bacillus, the latter to include B. botulinus and B. tetani on account 

 of their toxin production. 



