24 THE REPORT OF THE [No. 19 



The copper occurs in the trap formation, which cuts the centre of the peninsula, and 

 continues its course southward throucjh Ontonagon county, extending westward throusrh 

 Wisconsin, to the western shore of Lake Superior, thence northward to Isle Royal, where 

 it disappears on the mainland, appearing again in the Nepigon district. In all these 

 places the geological characteristics are the same, thin sections of rock from one district 

 being scarce distinguishable from a specimen taken from another. Eastward, the copper 

 is found on Michipicoten Island, and the formation is traceable at Gros Oap, a few miles 

 from Sault Ste. Marie. 



The copper is not an ore, but is the virgin metal, all the paying mines being opened 

 on lodes which carry native copper. There are a few fissure veins in Keeweenaw County 

 (on the north of the peninsula), which carry grey sulphurets producing as high as 25 per 

 cent, refined copper. All the mines produce considerable amounts of native silver, and 

 the Quincy Company reduces its mineral by electrolysis in order to save the silver, which 

 averages 38 ounces to the ton of copper. 



When the lava flows rested under the ancient sea, the interstices in the frothy por- 

 tion were filled with copper by electro- chemical action, forming the amygdaloidal rocks. 

 The conglomerates are ancient sea beds, formed of boulders, sand and gravel, broken from 

 the surrounding rocks of the ancient sea. These also had interstices, and were filled with 

 copper in the same manner. 



That the copper was carried in solution and arrested in its present position by some 

 precipitating agent is conceded by most authorities ; and that it was intimately associated 

 with the melaphyrs that have had their ferrous iron changed into a ferric state by taking 

 up more oxygen, has given rise to the no v widely accepted theory that in the peroxyda- 

 tion of the ferrous iron is to be found the agent of precipitation. The origin of the cop- 

 per is not so easily explained. One theory is that the copper was brought to the surface 

 by the lava flows ; another that it was deposited in a sulphuretted form, along with the 

 detrital rocks of the period. 



Mr. Goodburne illustrated his paper with diagrams of the district, showing the 

 synclinal, and the position of the mines ; and exhibited many beautiful specimens of 

 copper and silver, from the form in which it was mined, until the copper was gathered 

 from the great stamp mills. 



We offer a suggestion to the other sections of our Eatomological Society. 

 As it is difficult to secure members to replace those lost owing to removals, deaths 

 and other causes, we would suggest occasional public meetings under the auspices of the 

 parent society at which there should be a programme of addresses on subjects relating to 

 nature study illustrated where practicable by views. These public meetings would adver 

 tise our society and would tend to increase both the interest and profit of the meetings. 



G. KIRK, 



Sec. pro tern. 



REPORT FROM THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO TO THE 

 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA, 



Through the Rev. C. J. S. Bethune, D.C. L ^ Delegate. 



During the year that has gone by since our last report to the Royal Society, the 

 Entomological Society of Ontario has pursued the even tenor of its way and continued 

 its ustful and scientific work. There are no striking events to record, but much has 

 been done of permanent value and additions have been made to the general store of the 

 knowledge of insects and their ways. 



The thirty-sixth annual meeting of the Society was held in October last at its head- 

 quarters in London and was especially noteworthy for the conference that was held on 

 the important subject of the San Jofe scale. Those who took the principal part in it 

 were Prof. James, Deputy Minister of Agriculture for Ontario ; Dr. Fletcher, Eatomolo- 

 gist and Botanist of the Experimental Farms of the Dominion ; Mr. J. Dearness, one of 

 the special commissioners appointed by the Ontario Government to investigate the 



