1900] ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 37 



that insects do ary injury to the forests, for in the report issued a few months ago, the 

 insect problem is uot even mentioned. Such an onoission must be an oversight, due, no 

 doubt, to the fact that none of the members of the Commission are entomologists. It 

 would, indeed, be strange if our Ontario forest domains of such great extent form an ex- 

 ception to the general rule, and harbor no insects. 



Dr. Fyles remarked that this paper dealt with a very important" subject which de- 

 serves the serious consideration of the community. He then referred to the large areas in 

 the Province of Quebec which had formerly been covered with forests of tamarac, but 

 now were desolated by the ravages of the Larch Saw Fly and the timber rendered worth- 

 less. 



Dr. Fletcher stated that the lumbermen usually say that in the Ottawa valley alone 

 insects cause them a loss of a million dollars annually. This amount is merely an estimate, 

 but it serves to show that they are aware of the losses caused by insects and realize how 

 costly their ravages are. It is found that if the logs cut in the winter are not got into 

 water, they will surely be attacked by insects and badly injured during the summer. A 

 plan adopted in many cases is to turn the logs over from time to time during the summer 

 so as to change the position of the portions exposed to light and those in contact with 

 the soil ; another method is to split the bark so that the inner part dries up and prevents 

 the insect larvae from living in it. These operations, however, are difficult to carry out, 

 as the lumbermen cannot stand the flies which attack them in myriads during warm 

 weather ; this cause also prevents them from cutting timber in summer, which has been 

 proved to be a better time than winter as far as the quality of the timber itself is con- 

 cerned. The attacks of insects are always made upon dead or dying trees and such may 

 usually be found on the edges of clearings where partially injured trees have not been 

 cut down. In 1884 there was a great forest fire in the Ottawa valley, which left an 

 immense number of burnt trees still standing. These were immediately attacked by 

 insects and the loss would have been cooaplete had nob the owners of the timber limits 

 at once set to work to cut and remove as much as possible of what was loft. Any tree 

 that is scorched with fire or partially burnt is sure to be attacked by wood-borers during 

 the following summer. 



Dr. Fletcher closed his remarks by moving a vote of thanks to Prof. Lochhead for 

 his interesting paper ; this was seconded by Mr. Dearness, and carried unanimously. 



RESULTS OF SOME EXPERIMENTS IN PROTECTING APPLES FROM THE 

 ATTACKS OF THE SECOND BROOD OF CODLIN MOTH. 



By F. M, Webster, Wooster, 0. 



In Ohio, our attempts to protect the apple crop from attack by the codlin moth have 

 given us varying results. Some years, spraying ivith the arsenites like Paris green, 

 London purple and arsenite of soda have given excellent protection, and the apples have 

 been very free of larvae. Other years, though the spraying has been done with equal 

 care and in proper season, the eflFect has been discouraging, to say the least. The causes 

 for these varying results are not at all clear and there are some grounds, during some 

 years, for the question as to whether, or not, it pays the orchardist to go to the expense 

 of two or three sprayings and get so little in return for his labor, and other necessary 

 expenditures, which spraying necessitates. Frequently the apples will pass through the 

 season, up to late August, without exhibiting indications of the work of the apple worm, 

 but after that the fruit seems to be seriously attacked and much damage done. There 

 are with us, two periods of dropping of the wormy fruit. The first in late July and the 

 fore part of August and the second setting early in September. Orchardists have de- 

 clared that they could prevent the first, very largely by spraying, but the second 

 baffles them. I have suspected, for a long time, that this was due to the attack of the 

 second brood, and those who succeeded in protecting their fruit early in the season were, 

 very largely, suff'ering from the results of moths developiflg in unsprayed orchards, and 

 migrating during August to those that had been carefully and properly sprayed, thus 

 infesting these after it is possible to protect them by the usual measures. In order to 



