38 THE REPORT OF THE [ No. 1» 



test the probable efl&ciency of spraying, during the ordinary season for doing this, an ex- 

 periment was tried in the orchard of Mr. William Miller, at Gypsum, Ottawa County, 

 along the southern shore of Lake Erie. It was obviously impossible to get two trees 

 exactly alike, and not easy to secure two greatly alike in close proximity to each other, 

 but we selected two well in from the outer margins, and one of these we covered with 

 netting, such as is used for covering baskets of peaches and grapes. The trees were 

 sprayed for the last time on June 22nd and the covering applied the next day. 



All fallen apples were removed from under both trees on August 29th, while there 

 was a cessation in dropping of infested fruit, and, as we thought, all or nearly all of the 



first brood were thus eliminated. On September 14th, 

 soon after the terrible wind that swept over the lake 

 region, the spent tropical hurricane that devastated 

 Galveston, Texas, there were removed from under the 

 covered tree 229 apples, 59 per cent, of these being 

 sound, their weight being 77 pounds. Under the un- 

 covered tree there were 1,052 apples, only 10 per cent, 

 of which were sound, and their weight was 214 pounds. 

 October 22nd, there were picked from the covered 

 tree 107 pounds of fruit ; 372 apples were sound and 

 eight wormy. Windfalls, 18, all wormy. From the 

 check tree there were picked 128 pounds of fruit, 253 

 apples being sound, and 41 wormy. Of the windfalls, 

 94 were sound and 104 wormy, (Fig. 4 illustrates the 

 familiar appearance of a " wormy " apple.) 

 Fig. 4. Recapitulating, the covered tree, after the fruit 



was removed from beneath on August 29th, carried 627 apples. Of these, 372 were 

 gathered in a sound condition and 26 were wormy. The uncovered tree, after fallen 

 fruit was removed on August 29th, carried 1,544 apples, of which 347 were sound when 

 gathered and 145 were wormy. The summary would read thus : Covered tree, out of 627 

 apples, gave 466 sound and 161 wormy ; the uncovered tree, out of 1,544 apples, gave 

 452 sound and 1,092 wormy. This, I think, shows pretty clearly what the result would 

 be if we could manage the second brood of moths, and also who is to blame for the 

 disastrous effects of the second in well sprayed orchards. 



There are two other points worth mentioning First, where a species is double 

 brooded, the second brood is likely to be the most migratory in habits. Second, it is the 

 outer rows in a well sprayed apple orchard that are most affected late in the season. 

 Taking it altogether, the trouble does not appear to be with the spraying, but with those 

 who do not spray at all, and who furnish the migrating female codlin moths that give 

 origin to the second generation of worms in a well sprayed orchard. 



In the discussion that followed the reading of the paper. Dr. Fletcher stated that h © 

 had that day seen a young larva about a week old, which evidently belonged to a third 

 brood. It seemed clear that the best method of counteracting this insect was to spray 

 for the first brood and bandage the trees for the second. 



Mr. Bowman asked whether a late hatching of a third brood would not be a good 

 thing, as then they would probably all be winter killed. Prof. Webster replied in the 

 affirmative, and said that some years ago there was a severe frost in June, which nipped 

 the leaves of the trees. Olisiocampa caterpillars had been very abundant, but they all 

 perished from frost or want of food, and it was years before they became numerous again. 



Dr. Fletcher mentioned that he had received some cocoons of the Tussock moth from 

 Toronto, covered with eggs. They all hatched out recently under cover, shewing how 

 near this species is to being double-brooded. 



The next paper read was by Mr. Arthur Gibson, Assistant Entomologist of the Ex- 

 perimental F*rm at Ottawa, on the " Life-history of Arctia Phalerata," in which he des- 

 cribed in detail all the stas;es in the life of this insect from the egg, through the cater- 

 pillar and pupa to the perfect insect. As it was of a highly technical character, the paper 

 has been published in The Canadian Entomologist. (Vol. "XXXII., p. 369.) 



