66 THE REPORT OF THE [ No. 19 



directly on to the grain. The top of the barrel must be quickly replaced and covered 

 up with cloths, etc., as tightly as possible. This treatment should be carried on in a 

 shed out of doors, and the barrel must not be opened for 48 hours. Bisulphide of car- 

 bon is a colourless malodorous liquid which volatilizes readily at ordinary temperatures. 

 The vapour is quite invisible, but being heavier than air it sinks readily and permeates 

 the contents of the barrel. It is very inflammable and care must be taken when using 

 it that no light of any kind is brought near. This treatment should be done in the au- 

 tumn as soon as possible after the pease are threshed and before the weather has become 

 cold. The sooner the treatment is done, the leas injury the weevils will have done to the 

 seeds, and, if the bisulphide is not used until cold weather has set in, its efiect upon the 

 insects is very much less than when they are in an active condition. Moreover, by delay- 

 ing treatment there is the risk in mild autumns that the beetles may have attained full 

 growth and left the seeds. The late sowing of peas is useful in preventing attack by 

 weevil, but the method is not in favour with farmers because late sown peas in certain 

 seasons are liable to be so much attacked by mildew as to reduce the crop sometimes 

 more than would be done by the weevil. The holdinp over of pease until the second 

 year, keeping them in close bags to prevent the escape of the beetles, is certainly a good 

 remedy and is not practised by those who use small quantities of seed as much as it 

 ought to be. The reduction of vitality of seed pease held over for one year is very little 

 indeed. Unlike the Bean Weevil, the Pea Weevil cannot propagate in the dry seed so 

 that every beetle which emerges dies inside the sacks. Before sowing, the injured seeds 

 must be separated and only those which are perfect planted. 



The Pea Moth (Semasia nigricana, 



Steph., Fig. 23). — In the eastern counties of 



Ontario and extending down through Quebec 



into the Maritime Provinces, much harm has 



been done by the caterpillars of the Pea Moth. 



They have been particularly abundant at 



Ottawa this year in late peas. As this insect 



resembles the Codling Moth very much in its 



methods of attack, some experiments were 



tried at my request by Mr. J. E Wetmore, of 



Olif ton, N.B., by spraying the vines when the t^. „„ mi. t. n^ .i. . ^ • j 

 ' J *^ r • -i-u -D • Fig. 23.— The Pea Moth— natural size and 



young pods were forming vrith a Pans green enlarged. 



mixture which had been rendered adhesive by 



the addition of whale-oil soap. The results from these experiments, although not conclu- 

 sive, are of a hopBful character and will form the basis of further experiments next year. 



The Destructive Pea Aphis (Nectarophora destructor, Jnsn.). — This insect which 

 was the cause of such extensive injury to the pea crop last year not only in the southern 

 States but extending further north into Canada, has this ye*r not been so bad as in 1899 

 but still has caused considerable loss. In the eastern counties the larger number of 

 attacks have been noticed. The J. H. Allan Seed Company, of Picton, reports that " this 

 season it has done considerable damage in New York State, Michigan and Wisconsin. 

 Last season as well as this it caused injury in Prince Edward County as well as in Len- 

 nox and AddJDgton. We are also told that it did much damage in Renfrew County." 

 Last year in the State of Maryland the loss from this insect was put at $3,000,000, and 

 during the past summer the loss in the same crop much exceeded that amount. More- 

 over, not only did this insect attack the pea crop but it was found to be much more 

 distinctively an enemy of clover. This attack upon clover was not serious in Canada, and 

 at Ottawa, where plots of peas were entirely destroyed by io, clover plots closely con- 

 tiguous showed no sign of the presence of the aphis until very late in the season, when all 

 peas had been killed by frost (November), and when a few were found. Many remedies were 

 experimented with by Prof. Johnson, State Entomologist of Maryland, the describar of 

 the species, and it was found that what has been called •' the brush and cultivator method " 

 was the most effective. For this it is necessary that the peas should be sowed in rows 

 from 24 to 30 inches apart, and not broadcasted. He says, '* The vines were brushed 

 backward and forward with a good pine switch ahead of an Iron Age cultivator, which 

 was drawn by one horse, and in this manner the insects which leave the vines freely when 



