1901 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 11 



In Ohio, trees hopelessly attacked with the scale are marked for destruction and the owner 

 is compelled to destroy them. Others less badly infested must either be destroyed or sprayed 

 with whale-oil soap or crude petroleum and water, and the owners are held responsible for any 

 damage arising from neglect. 



At the present time, if remedies are properly used, we can reduce the scale 90 per cent, in 

 one year ; the other 10 per cent, cannot be exterminated. One tree might be absolutely cleared 

 of the scale, but a whole orchard cannot. The condition of vitality of the trees makes a great 

 difference. Thrifty young peach trees will stand 25 per cent, to 30 per cent, crude petroleum, 

 while older and feebler trees were killed with 25 per cent. He now uses 20 per cent, of oil with 

 one pound of whale oil soap. On the whole he considered that we are getting on as well as we 

 can possibly expect. 



Dr. Fletcher : Why cannot we kill the last 10 per cent. ? If we spray with crude petro- 

 leum this year there will be a covering of vaseline left on the trees ; this will be increased the 

 second year and the third, and at length the tree will become unsuitable for the scale and free 

 from danger of attack. 



Prof. Webster : There is no difficulty in treating apple-trees in this way and securing 

 immunity ; but I was speaking of peach-trees which cannot stand the same amount of petroleum. 

 I acjiee with Mr. Fisher that the heavier oil is the most satisfactory, 



Mr. Fisher stated that he had treated infested trees for three years in succession ; they 

 recovered health and vigour, and bore fruit, and were not injured by the continuous treatment. 

 Prof. Lochhead expressed his sense of the importance of the subject under discussion and 

 his appreciation of the v:Jue of the information that had been imparted by the speakers. 



Hon. J Dry DEN said that he had listened with great interest to the excellent addresses of 

 the speakers, and was rejoiced to learn that definite measures for the extermination of the scale 

 could now be adopted. It was undoubtedly a most serious danger to the fruit industry of this 

 Province, and every possible means must be employed for its removal The difficulty at the 

 outset was to persuade the public that this danger existed ; many people do not believe it even 

 now. Nothing can be done to enforce remedies unless people believe in the deadly character of 

 the scale. The application of the remedies must rest with the people themselves, but they 

 must be taught what the remedies are and how they are to use them. This is what the Govern- 

 mtnt should do and is trying to do. 



But how are we to impress this upon the people ? The answer is by education — by teaching 

 them first the danger and then the means with which to combat it. The Entomological Society 

 and the Fiuit Growers' Association could do good work in this respect. Every fruit grower in 

 the Province must be impressed with the danger to his own fruit and also to that of his neigh- 

 bour, if this scale is not repressed. At the beginning of the operations for its extermination, 

 drastic methods were adopted because it was supp )sed that the scale was confined to a few 

 spots only, and we wished to exterminate it. This system was continued till considerable 

 opposition was aroused and some excitement was created. An endeavor was made to find out 

 the range of the insect and what the cost of its extermination would be ; if the information 

 received was correct, $300,000 would have been required for compensation. If half a million 

 " dollars would wipe it out now the Government would gladly pay it. At present we are trying 

 to hold it in check and to prevent its spread. 



Educate, educate, must be their watchword. From now on we must strive to teach people 

 about this scale— how to deal with it and what the danger from it is. It would be a great thing 

 to teach people how to spray by sending competent men about whom they could see doing it ; no 

 matter hov/ plain written directions might be, they were of little use unles? people were shown 

 how to do it. This was the experience in improving the butter-making of the country. 



The great danger lay in our nurseries, from which scale-infested stock might be sent out 

 and the insect planted all over the country. We had an instance of this in the 100 trees two 



