1902 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 67 



scale. Their task is far from being a hopeless one, however. Experience shows that there are 

 several insecticides which may be used with good results. These are whale-oil soap, crude 

 petroleum, and the lime and sulphur mixture. The last is by far the cheapest remedy, but 

 the great objection to its general adoption is the difficulty of preparation. Two pounds of lime 

 are boiled with one pound of sulphur in a kettle for two hours. Much requires to be known 

 concerning the chemistry of the resulting mixture, for different sulphides of calcium are formed 

 according to the time the mixture is boiled. It is probable that some one of these sulphides is 

 more effective than the others. 



The example of Saltfleet Township is to be commended when it passed a by-law whereby 

 inspectors were appointed to make a careful examination of the orchards for San Jose scale, in 

 view of preventing its spread. It is to be hoped that other municipalities will follow the 

 example set by Saltfleet, so that a limit may be placed to the spread of'the scale. 



The Codling Moth {Carpocapsa pomonella), so far as my own observations extend, 

 was not so injurious this year as last. The first brood appeared rather late, but the second 

 brood was quite numerous. The wet season precluded careful spraying operations which may 

 account for the large second brood. 



A correspondent from South Grey reports that the Codling Moth was very injurious. He 

 says : " It would not be exaggerating to say that one-third of the apple crop was destroyed by 

 this pest." 



In my last year's Notes on the Injurious Insects of the Year, I called attention to the 

 worthlessness of the Ilaseltine Moth Trap-lantern. 



Recently another device for entrapping the Codling worms has been put on the market. 

 It is known as the Expansive Tree Protector. It consists essentially of an expansive metallic 

 collar, coated on its underside with a sticky substance, and a cloth band saturated with a 

 poisonous liquid placed between the collar and the trunk of the tree. Although not in a 

 position personally to test the device this year, I had an opportunity of inspecting many of 

 them in different orchards. In nearly every case they failed to give satisfaction, and in some 

 instances were positively harmful. In the first place, they are difficult to fit to the trunk of 

 the tree ; secondly, the sticky substance did not hold the caterpillars, and other forms of 

 insect-life, or prevent them from crawling over it ; thirdly, the poisonous band did not kill 

 the insects which crawled beneath the collar ; and fourthly, the bark of the tree immediately 

 beneath the band was frequently seriously injured. 



In my humble opinion, decided improvements in the construction of this device must be 

 made before it becomes effective. 



In Prince Edward County the Apple Maggot {Trypeta pomonella) was abundant. In some 

 orchards more than half the fruit was injured by this maggot. 



The work of this insect differs from that of the Codling- worm in that channels are eaten 

 through the fruit in every direction. Spraying is of no value in combating this pest, and the 



remedy is one of prevention. The infested fallen 

 fruit should be destroyed at once, so as to prevent 

 the maturing of the flies. When the maggot is 

 full grown it leaves the apple, and pupates on, or 

 just below the surface of the ground. 

 2 ^ Peach-tree Borers {Sannina exltiom) Fig. 45, 



F g. 45. Peach-tree imrer, female moth ; 2 male moth, were very numerous, especially in the Niagara 

 district. Many young trees of this year's planting were injured. 



The Plum Curculio (Conotrachelus nenuphar) was abundant in most sections of the Pro- 

 vince. 



