1902 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 115 



summer the rafts of white pine floating down the Ottawa, while the output of sawn lumber 

 along the river has mounted annually into the hundreds of millions of feet.* On all our east- 

 ern rivers the same thing has been seen to a greater or less degree. The constant stream of 

 logs coming down all the tributaries has testified to the richness of the limits upon which they 

 are cut. Not to quantity alone do the pines owe their value, the wood of their splendid trunks 

 is surpassed by that of few other trees in general utility. More than one-third of all our 

 forest exports are the produce of the pines, from the sale of which we derive annually several 

 millions of dollars, in addition to all that is used for home consumption. 



So lofty and noble are these splendid lords of the forest that it might be thought that 

 they are secure from all foes except the devastating axe and cruel fire. Yet few of our trees 

 are attacked by so many enemies ; small and individually insignificant, but occurring in such 

 abundance sometimes as even to destroy and overthrow the forest giants. To enumerate all 

 these would be beyond the scope and bounds of a paper for this report. One hundred species 

 of insects injurious to pine were mentioned in Bulletin 7 of the U.S. Entomological Commission 

 published in 1881, while in the Fifth Report of the Commission (1890) the nuinber was in- 

 creased to one hundred and seventy, requiring for their discussion, even briefly, one hundred 

 and thirty-six pages. Mr. A. D. Hopkins has also enumerated many species in his valuable 

 " Report on Investigations to Determine the Cause of Unhealthy Conditions of the Spruce and 

 Pine from 1880-1893 ;" Bulletin 56 West Virginia Agric. Exp. Sta., April, 1899. 



My intention in this note is only to call attention to some of 

 the principal species which I have observed myself as infesting 

 these trees, omitting the lepidoptera, of which various species feed 

 upon the foliage, and also a great many members of other orders 

 which do more or less injury. To the trunk and branches the 

 most serious injuries are done by beetles, which belong chiefly to 

 the families Buprestida? and Cerambycid^e. The beetles of the 

 first family are somewhat flattened and elongated, with short 

 antennae, and generally are very hard and with a metallic lustre or 

 bright colours. Some of the most gorgeous of all coleoptera are 

 found among the tropical representatives of this family. The 

 larvse of these beetles are somewhat tadpole -shaped and flattened, Fig. 104.— Flat-headed Borer 



(Buprestidse). a and c, grub ; 6, 



and are very destructive to the trees they infest. Fig. 104. pupa ; d, beetle. 



The three largest species upon pine belong to the genus Chalcophora, viz., C. fortis Lee, 



C. Virginiensis Drury and C. liberta. Germ, All these occur in abundance in spring and 



autumn either upon the trunk and branches, or in the leaf clusters, where they appear to feed 

 upon the buds. C fortis is the largest species, measuring over an inch in length, 

 and is distinguished by its brighter colour and the more sharply elevated lines 

 upon the wing-covers ; virginiensis is slightly smaller and smoother, and is duller 

 in colour, while liberta is generally still smaller and is more ruddy in appearance, 

 although some individuals may be quite dark. Other species of buprestidse are 

 Dicerca ienebrosa, Kirby, D. divaricata Say (Fig. 105) Chrysohothrisdentipes Germ., 

 C. Blanchardi Horn, C. Barrisii Hentz, C. trinervia Kirby, C. scabripennis L. & 

 G. , Buprestis striata Fab., B. macidiventris Say, B. considaris. Gory, and Mdano- 

 phila longipes, Say. On our Pacific coast the genus Chalcophora does not appear 



to be represented, but members of the other genera are common. 



The second group of injurious timber beetles is that of the Cerambycidte or long-horned 

 beetles ; the antennae, especially in the males, being often much longer than the body. The 



* The quantity sawn during 1902 in the Ottawa district has been published as 620,000,000 feet. 



