1903 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 45 



nature of the spraying. As we all know, a perfect insecticide must possess the following^ 

 qualities : 



1. It must be eftective against the insect ; 2. It must not harm the plant ; 

 3. It must be readily and easily applied ; 4. It must be cheap. 



From my observations this McBain Carbolic Wash possesses at least three of these quali- 

 ties, and it may have the fourth also, for I do not know what the retail price of it will be. 

 This is an important point, but if the manufacture of the substance is to be made a business 

 matter, then I have not much fear on this pomt. 



In addition, there is ground for the belief that this wash is valuable not only for controll- 

 ing the aphis of apple, plum and cherry, but also as a fungicide for peach leaf curl, apple scab, 

 and the brown rot of plum, when used at the rate of 1 to 30. 



Now as to the future of the San Jose Scale. I do not advocate that the Provincial Gov- 

 ernment should continue to lay out large sums of money every year in fighting the Scale. 

 They might with just as good reason be asked to spend money in fighting the Potato Beetle, 

 the Codling Moth, or the Hessian fly. The Government, I maintain, has done its duty with 

 regard to the Scale ; and now that reliable, efficient remedies are known, the matter of con- 

 trolling the pest must remain wirh the fruit-growers. I am sure that the Government is will- 

 ing to assist the fruit growers with advice and even with help when necessary. 



This help should came in the form of reduction of c st of chemicals, as has been given iu 

 previous years, and in establishing a system cf Township Sprayers under Governmental super- 

 vision, perhaps. To my mind the greatest need at the present time is not a new remedy, for 

 we have efficient ones already, but an organized system of sprayers by whom every orchard can 

 be sprayed at a reasonable cod, at the proper time, and in the proper manner. Many of our 

 smaller fruit-growers have neither the outfit for doing good work, nor the time and help to 

 spray at the proper season. They would be perfectly willing, however, to pay for the spraying 

 of the orchards by a reliable party. In Gosfield Tp., Essex County, a township sprayer was 

 appointed last spring, and so far as I cou'd learn from inquiries in the vicinity, the fruit" 

 growers are thoroughly satisfied »with the results. A piominenc grower told me that he no 

 longer feared the Scale so loug as he could get his orchard sprayed with the lime, sulphur and 

 salt mixture, and by reliiible spra\ers at a reasonable cost. (See Plate 4.) A St. Catharines 

 fruit-grower thinks the McBain C II bolic Wash solves the difficulty in regard to keeping the 

 Scale in check. He thinks that there will now be no difficulty in finding good sprayers to do 

 the work since the wash is not disagreeable to use. He said that his own men looked upon the 

 spraying operations with crude oil, or the whale-oil soap, as a veritable ordeal. 



There is another matter in regard to the Scale which should be attended to as soon as 

 possible. In the scale infested sections there are orchards which are never sprayed. As a 

 result they are neglected, and they furm veritable breeding grounds for the Scale and other 

 pests. I know of several orchards which are thus neglected (Plates 2 and 3). It is not fair to 

 the other fruit-growers that they should be exposed to such conditions. 



.The townships should see to it, and pass a by-law compelling the spraying of the neglected 

 orchards, or to have them cut down and burned. The Government might very reasonably look 

 after the inspection necessary for the proper carrying out of the by-law. We all know how 

 such a by-law would soon become a dead-letter through difficulty in getting the local authori- 

 ties to carry out its provisions. An outsider can carry on the work, but a local man cannot. 



Furthermore, fruit-growers must recognize the necessity for at least one spraying every 

 year. In badly infested orchards two sprayings should be made. 



Finally, good spraying outfits — a 5-ply hose — not an ordinary garden hose, should be used. 



