60 THE REPORT OF THE No. 19 



taceou3, darker at margins, traversed in the centre of dorsum by a pale line. Tubercles in- 

 conspicuous, black, No IV. lyinof behind the spiracle. Spiracles conspicuous, elongate, black. 

 Anal flap and thoracic feet testaceous ; prolegs concolorous with venter, claspers black. ' 



On the 30th July one larva entered the earth in the breeding jar for pupation, and 

 within the next week or so other specimens also buried. The pupa is 21-24 mm. in length and 

 6-7 mm. wide at widest part, chestnut brown, shiny ; anterior margin of abdominal segments 

 minutely pitted, posterior margin conspicuously pitted. Cremaster dark, almost black, bear- 

 ing two stift' capitate spines at extremity and three others on either side above— in all 8 spines. 

 The first moth emerged on the 9th Sept., and other specimens appeared soon afterwards. 



BASS WOOD, OR LINDEN, INSECTS. 

 By Arthi r Gibson, Division of Entomology, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa. 



The in&ects which feed upon the basswood, or linden, tree have not ot late years, as far 

 as the writer knows, been given special attention by any Canadian students of forest and shade- 

 tree insects. Since the appearance of the chapter on "Insects Injurious to the Basswood, or Lin- 

 den, Tree,' which appeared in the Fifth Report of the U. S. Entomological Commission — 

 Insects Injurious to Forest and Shade Trees — by Dr. A. S. Packard, nothing of length has 

 been published that we are aware of. During the past three years we have, however, endeav- 

 ored to note particularly the insects which feed upon the basswood tree, and in the preparation 

 of this article frequent use has been made of the published notes of other observers. In some 

 of the back reports of our Society excellent articles have appeared on the insects which have 

 been found feeding on certain of our native trees, and it is hoped that other members will con- 

 tinue the study of insects which attack the same kinds of tree, so that our knowledge of forest 

 insects in general may be thereby increased. 



In Canada the only native species of basswood is Tilii Americana, L. with its variety 

 pubescens, Loud. The typical form is abundant throughout Ontario and Quebec and extends 

 from New Brunswick as far west as Manitobi. In his Catalogue of Canadian Plants, Macoun 

 states that the variety pubescens occurs about Quebec, along the shores of Lake St. Clair, and 

 near Sandwich, Ont. The European Linden, Tilia Europaa, L, has been cultivated and ex- 

 tensively planted in many of our towns and cities, and may be frequently found growing 

 in parks and on lawns as an ornamental tree. It is apparently quite hardy and thrives well 

 in our climate. Another species, Tilia heterophylla, Vent, is common in woods in the eastern 

 LTnited States, from New York to Florida. 



The- lumber of basswood is light, soft, but rather tough, and, as one of the woods known as 

 ' ' whitewood "' is largely used in the manufacture of drawers and similar cabinet work, cheap 

 furniture, woodenware, etc. Many of our boatbuilders purchase quantities of this timber for 

 making small boats and canoes, and owing to the fact that the wood can be bent readily it is 

 also used for dashboards of carriages. For many years the wood has been used, particularly in 

 the Province of Quebec, for making snow shovels, and even to-day wide use of the wood is 

 made for this purpose. In Europe the inner bark, known as bast, which gave origin to the 

 common name, is largely used in making coarse cordage and matting, but this industry has 

 never attained any importance in America. 



The value ot the linden as a shade tree is well known, and the following paragraph taken 

 from Farmers' Bulletin No. 99, U. S. Department of Agriculture— Three Insect Enemies of 

 Shade Trees, by Dr. L. O. Howard — is of special interest here. 



'' In selecting shade trees, particularly for small cities and towns in agricultural regions, 

 and even to a considerable extent in large cities, the relative honey- producing qualities of the 



