1904 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 53 



The Carrot Rust Fly {Psila rosce, Fab.). The maggots of this insect 

 "bore into the carrots giving them a rusty appearance on the outside and pro- 

 aucing brown discoloured channels which run in all directions through the 

 roots. The attack was not so severe last season as has sometimes been the 

 case of late years. The worst injuries were in the Maritime provinces, but 

 there were also one or two occurrences reported in Ontario, as at Ottawa, 

 Perth, and even as far west as Barrie, which as far as I know is the furthest 

 point west, where the insect has occurred. 



Fruits. 



Fruit crops were little injured by the well known and usual pests. The 

 apple crop was large and where properly sprayed was of excellent quality. 

 Plums were the chief failure and the injuries of the Plum Curculio upon the 

 light crop were serious. This insect also turned its attention in many places 

 to the apple crop, and gnarled and spotted fruit from this cause was sent in 

 from many places. Regular spraying with poisoned Bordeaux mixture, re- 

 duced the injury to a considerable extent and orchards which were cultivated 

 and kept free from undergrowth during the autumn seemed to be less at- 

 tacked than where sod or even cover crops were on the land. 



The San Jose Scale (A'^vidHofus pemiciosus, Comst.) still exists as a very 

 injurious pest of the orchard in that small part of the Province where it 

 exists, and where it has done much harm for the last six or seven years. 

 There is now no doubt that the lime and sulphur wash as worked out by Mr. 

 George E. Fisher, and other experimenters is a practical remedy for the San 

 «'cse Scale, and where persistent spraying is practised, clean paying crops can 

 he grown, and the trees preserved in a healthy state for future crops. The 

 necessity of persistent work, however, must be expected with this insect. The 

 matter is now in the hands of the fruitgrowers themselves and it is well un- 

 derstood by all who will read and observe for themselves that even in infested 

 districts, payiiiiir crops of apples, peaches, plums and pears, can be grown if 

 the recomanended measures are carried out. There are several methods of 

 preparing the lime and sulphur wash, the more important of which have all 

 bten described from time to time in our annual reports. The chief dilference 

 ill their preparation consists in the time it is deemed necessary to boil the 

 washes. Mr. Geo. E. Fisher, who certainly has had as much experience in 

 this matter as any living man, claims that there should be in every gallon of 

 wash, half a pound of sulphur and one pound of lime, which must be boiled 

 together for not less than two hours. The usual practice however among 

 fiuit growers, who used this wash to a large extent in 1904, in the Grimsby, 

 St. Catharines and Niagara districts, I found was to boil the wash for about 

 one hour only. Excellent results were obtained, which, however, might 

 possibly have been improved by longer boiling. The new methods of com- 

 bining the sulphur with the lime by means of the heat of the latter while 

 slaking and the addition of either caustic soda or sal soda, up to the present 

 eeem to be giving very satisfactory results not only in our own experim;ent8 

 but in careful investigations which have been carried on by Prof. Felt in New 

 Tork. Further study will be given to the matter and if an effective wash 

 can be made in this way without the long boiling, it certainly will be a means 

 of inducing many to do so, who at the present time do not use this useful 

 remedy. 



The range of usefulness of this wash as an insecticide and fungicide is 

 \vider than that of many other materials. Experiments in destroying the 

 <'ggs of Apple Aphis and of the aphid which is so destructive to the appear- 



